Why do human beings still risk their lives under ground and doing one of the dirtiest and most dangerous jobs in the world? It is an increasingly urgent question, given the recent mining accidents in Sago, W. Va and Huntington, Utah. A small group of engineers and robotics experts look forward to a day in the not-too-distant future when robots and other technology do most of the dangerous mining work.
Robotic technology, in particular, holds much promise, McAteer says, especially when it comes to mapping mines and rescuing trapped miners — the special operations of the mining industry.
One of the first mining robots was developed five years ago at Carnegie Mellon University’s Robotics Institute. It was called Groundhog. It used lasers(激光器) to “see” in dark tunnels and map abandoned mines—some of the most dangerous work in the business.
The latest design is called Cave Crawler. It’s a bit smaller than Groundhog, and even more advanced. It can take photos and videos and has more sensors that can detect the presence of dangerous gases. Incredibly, the robot has a real sense of logic. If it comes across an obstacle it gets momentarily confused. It has to think about what to do and where to go next. Sometimes it throws a fit just like a real person.
The greatest problem, though, is cost. The money of the earliest research project was provided by the government, but that money had dried up, and it’s not clear where future money will come from. Partly for that reason, and partly because of advances in safety, mining is not nearly as dangerous as it was in the past. Since 1990, fatalities(致命性) have declined by 67% and injuries by 51% , according to the National Mining Association.
Some experts predict that robots in mines will serve much of the same function that they do in the automotive industry. The robots do the most boring and dangerous jobs，but won’t get rid of the need for human workers.
1.The latest robot is more advanced than Groundhog, mainly because ________.
A. it can map abandoned mines
B. it has a real sense of logic
C. it can see in the dark tunnels
D. it’s smaller than Groundhog
2.The underlined phrase “throws a fit” in paragraph 4 probably means“________”.
A. gets sickB. gets angry
C. becomes hungryD. becomes cheerful
3.We can infer from the last paragraph that ________.
A. the mine robots will have a very bright future
B. robots in mines will serve much in the automotive industry
C. there will be no need for human workers in mines
D. robots in mines only do some simple jobs now
4.We can infer from the text that ________.
A. robots cannot do dangerous work in dark areas
B. the mining robots do most of the mining work at present
C. groundhog can discover the presence of dangerous gases
D. experts are trying to make robots help miners with dangerous work
科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年安徽蚌埠二中高一上期中考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Develop Courage by Overcoming Daily Fears
Sometimes when thinking of courage, we think it only applies to rare and uncommon situations. Yet our ordinary lives can also be full of courage, even if we are not facing the end of a gun, a wild animal or a dangerous criminal. Courage doesn't just mean doing heroic acts. 1. In fact, where there is fear on a daily basis, there are opportunities for you to show your courage. Here are some suggestions to develop courage by overcoming daily fears.
● Recognizing your fears.
By realizing that you're fearful, you are more likely to get to the bottom of what your fear is. 2. You might come to understand that you're afraid of failing or taking chances. You may be fearful simply because you don't have confidence in yourself. The key is not to dwell on your fear, but rather to understand what it is what you're worried about.
● Ask yourself what is the worst that can happen.
If you hesitate to take action, ask yourself this: What's the worst that can happen? Then prepare to accept it. Then go on to improve on the worst. Is failure the worst thing that can happen? No, absolutely not. 3. Doing nothing is actually the worst thing that can happen. When you take no action, you are assured of getting nowhere.
● Take action.
Courage comes from taking action. 4. You need to act to overcome your fear. Your action may put you into discomfort, but you have to just do it. And your action can prevent you from being stuck.
●5.
To build up your confidence, you need to do the same thing over and over again. Soon you will discover that less courage is needed because you have already gained mastery. You are able to move decisively forward.
A. Share your fears with others.
B. Practice, practice and practice.
C. So you are already in a comfort zone.
D. You cannot think courage comes just in one day.
E. Each undesired result is just one more step towards your goal.
F. Finding out what is truly holding you back.
G. You needn't wait for an emergency to occur to develop courage.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年河北石家庄辛集中学高二11月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Mr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. Mr. Johnson took the only escape route—through the boot (车的行李箱).
Mr. Johnson’s car had finished up in a ditch (沟渠) at Romney Marsin，Kent，after skidding on ice and hitting a bank. “Fortunately，the water began to come in only slowly，” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldn’t force the doors because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.”
Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn (喇叭) and hammering（捶打） on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape.
Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew（松开螺丝） the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.”
It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the things from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench（扳手） and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and scrambled (攀爬) clear as the car filled up.”
His hands and arms cut and bruised (擦伤), Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby，where he was looked after by the farmer’s wife，Mrs. Lucy Bates. Huddled in a blanket，he said，“That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” “Only the tips （尖部）of the car wheels were visible，”police said last night. “The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch.”
1.What is the best title for this newspaper article?
A．The Story of Mr. Johnson，a Sweet Salesman
B．Car Boot Can Serve As the Best Escape Route
C．Driver Escaped Through Car Boot
D．The Driver Survived a Terrible Car Accident
2.Which statement is TRUE according to the passage?
A．Mr. Johnson’s car stood on its boot as it fell down.
B．Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam.
C．Mr. Johnson’s car accident was partly due to the slippery road.
D．Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seat.
3.The underlined part “Finally it gave” in Paragraph 5 means that “________”.
A．Luckily the door was torn away in the end
B．At last the wrench went broken
C．The chance was lost at the last minute
D．The lock came open after all his efforts
4.It may be inferred from the passage that ________.
A．the ditch was along a quiet country road
B．the accident happened on a clear warm day
C．the police helped Mr. Johnson get out of the ditch
D．Mr. Johnson had a tender wife and was well attended
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年河北石家庄辛集中学高二11月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
My uncle isn't accustomed to ________ in the countryside.
A. liveB. livesC. livingD. lived
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017年湖南衡阳八中高二上第四次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
My mum was young when she fell pregnant with me. After I was born it was decided that my father’s relatives would ________ me in Manchester. No one spoke about Mum. Eventually, I was shown letters from Mum, ________ that she was a drug addict.
All this was running through my head as I arrived in Glasgow on 27 December last year. My sister Leanne, from my mother’s side, had ________ me down on Facebook, and we had been ________ for some time, but had met only once or twice. Leanne had been brought up by our mother’s parents, and had some ________ with Mum throughout her life. She was now living in Canada, but returning for Christmas and ________ to see all the family together. A big party had been arranged to welcome her back, and everyone would be there, including our ________.
In a very short time my sister and I hatched a ________. I’d meet my sister as she arrived at Manchester airport, then we’d drive up to Glasgow ________. Keeping it a surprise gave us a rush. After about a four-hour drive, we were there. I’d ________ called someone “Mum” before. But there she was.
We embraced (拥抱) and although we could hardly get the words out fast enough, we were soon ________. Seeing someone so alike looking back at me was the strangest but most ________ experience. Though a lifetime may have ________ us, this woman at a party in Glasgow was my mum. She ________ at me for a second, before giving me a tight hug. All she could say was that she never thought we’d ________ again.
She’d been ________ of drugs for five years. She told me how she now works for a charity that helps young people ________ the same problems she had. We now talk regularly, and I feel ________ she’s my mother. That’s something I couldn’t have even ________ when the door opened to her at that Christmas party. Life may be short, but it’s always ________ enough to reconcile (和好).
1.A. teachB. controlC. serveD. raise
2.A. foreseeingB. sayingC. arguingD. promising
3.A. knockedB. trackedC. rolledD. turned
4.A. negotiatingB. complainingC. messagingD. searching
5.A. contactB. bargainC. funD. trouble
6.A. unwillingB. afraidC. confidentD. desperate
7.A. sisterB. fatherC. mumD. grandparents
8.A. dealB. planC. trickD. change
9.A. in advanceB. in turnC. in secretD. in time
10.A. everB. evenC. alwaysD. never
11.A. looking awayB. chatting awayC. turning upD. picking up
12.A. disturbingB. annoyingC. comfortingD. frightening
13.A. separatedB. desertedC. ruinedD. cheated
14.A. laughedB. yelledC. staredD. pointed
15.A. partB. sufferC. recoverD. meet
16.A. cleanB. awareC. shortD. fond
17.A. discussB. overcomeC. exploreD. stress
18.A. guiltyB. embarrassedC. proudD. shocked
19.A. imaginedB. ignoredC. questionedD. recalled
20.A. toughB. happyC. simpleD. long
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年江苏启东中学高二上第二次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
When I was eight or nine years old, I wrote my first poem.
My mother read the little poem and began to cry. “Buddy, you didn’t really write this beautiful, beautiful poem!” Shyly, I said that I had. My mother poured out her welcome praise. Why, this poem was nothing short of genius!
What time will Father be home?” I asked. I could hardly wait to show him what I had accomplished. My mother said she hoped he would be home around 7. I spent the best part of that afternoon preparing for his arrival. First, I wrote the poem out in my finest handwriting. Then I used colored pens to draw a border around it. Then I confidently placed it right on my father’s plate on the dining table. But my father did not return at 7, Seven-fifteen, Seven-thirty. My father had begun his motion-picture career as a writer. He would be able to appreciate my poem even more than my mother.
It was almost 8 o’clock when my father burst in. He was an hour late, but he could not sit down. I can see him now, a big Havana cigar in one hand, the rapidly disappearing drink in the other, calling down bitter words on his employees.
Suddenly, he paused and glared at his plate. There was a silence. He was reaching for my poem. I lowered my head and stared down into my plate.
“What is this?” I heard him say.
“Ben, a wonderful thing has happened,” my mother said. “Buddy has written his first poem. And it’s beautiful, absolutely amazing”.
“If you don’t mind, I’d like to decide that for myself,” Father said.
I kept my face lowered to my plate. It was only 10 lines long. But it seemed to take hours. I remember wondering why it was taking so long. I could hear him dropping the poem back on the table again. Now was the moment of decision.
“I think it’s bad,” my father said.
I couldn’t look up. My eyes were getting wet.
“Ben, sometimes I don’t understand you,” my mother was saying. “This is just a little boy. You’re not in your studio now. These are the first lines of poetry he’s ever written. He need encouragement.”
“I don’t know why,” my father held his ground. “Isn’t there enough bad poetry in the world already? No law says Buddy has to become a poet.”
I couldn’t stand it another second. I ran from the dining room, threw myself on the bed and cried.
That may have been the end of the anecdote(轶事) — but not of its significance for me.
A few years later I took a second look at that first poem, and unwillingly I had to agree with my father’s tough judgment. It was a pretty bad poem. After a while, I worked up the courage to show him something new, a short story. My father thought it was overwritten but not hopeless. I was learning to rewrite. And my mother was learning that she could disapprove of me without ruining me. You might say we were all learning. I was going on 12.
As I worked my way into other books and plays and films, it became clearer and clearer to me how fortunate I had been to have had a mother who said, “Buddy, it’s wonderful!” and a father who shook his head no and drove me to tears with his, “I think it’s bad.” In fact all of us in life need that mother force, the loving force from which all creation flows; and yet the mother force alone is incomplete, even misleading, finally damaging, without the father force to caution, “Watch. Listen. Review. Improve.” Between the two poles of affirmation (肯定) and doubt, both in the name of love, I try to follow my true course.
1.What did the mother think of the Buddy’s poem?
A. She was so moved that she cried.
B. She believed Buddy needed advice from his father.
C. She considered Buddy had no talent for poetry.
D. She thought the poem was well written.
2.Which underlined word in the following sentences best reflects Buddy’s eagerness to show his father the poem?
A. Then I confidently placed it right on my father’s place on the dining table.
B. He would be able to appreciate my poem even more than my mother.
C. I wrote the poem out in my finest handwriting.
D. I could hardly wait to show him what I had accomplished.
3.The underlined sentence “My father held his ground” could best be replaced by ________.
A. My father began to explain his reasons
B. My father thought his comment is unreasonable
C. My father refused to change his opinion
D. My father got so angry that he rose to his feet
4.From the passage, we can infer that the father can be best described as ________.
A. cruel and stubbornB. loving and matter-of-fact
C. bad-tempered and rudeD. cautious and strict
5.Which of the following statements do you think the author might agree with?
A. The incident helped the writer work his work further as a writer.
B. The author only realized the significance of the incident after becoming a writer.
C. After the incident, the author stopped writing but tried his luck in plays and films.
D. The incident completely changed the author’s course of life.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年江苏启东中学高二上第二次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
The word “ungelivable”, based on Chinese, which has become a big hit online very quickly, ______ a message that Chinese can also serve as an addition to English vocabulary.
A. acknowledgesB. assessesC. declaresD. conveys
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年江苏扬州中学高二上开学考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The largest campaign of killing rats in history is set to poison millions of rats on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia. Scientists say the campaign planned for 2013 and 2014 will restore beautiful South Georgia to the position it once held as the world’s most important nesting sites for seabirds.
It was sailors in the late 18th century who unintentionally introduced rats to what had been a fresh environment. “If we can destroy the rats, at least 100 million birds will return to their home on South Georgia,” says Tony Martin, a biology professor at the University of Dundee who was invited to lead the project.
South Georgia is by far the largest island to get rid of animals that destroy native wildlife after being introduced deliberately or accidentally by people. Though rats and mice have done the most damage, cats, foxes, goats, deer, rabbits and other species have been targeted in the campaigns around the world.
South Georgia is seven times the size of New Zealand’s Campbell Island, currently the largest area ever killing rats. The successful war against Campbell Island rats was carried out in 2001 with 132 tons of poison dropped from five helicopters.
“New Zealand pioneered the techniques for ridding islands of rats and in fact our operation on South Georgia is based on New Zealand’s technology.” Says Martin. “Some New Zealanders will be helping our campaign, including our chief pilot, Peter Garden, who was also chief pilot for the projects at Campbell Island and Rat Island, in the Aleutian chain of the north Pacific.”
The second and third stages in 2013 and 2014 will involve dropping as much as 300 tons of poison from the air onto every part of the island where rats might live. It is a huge operation, carried out during the stormy southern autumn when the rats are hungry and the risks of poisoning native wildlife are less than in the spring and summer months. “Ideally we’d do in winter but the weather makes that too risky,” Martin says.
The ecological payback will be priceless. But Martin says, “The full benefits will take decades to arrive, because some of these birds are slow to hatch.”
1.According to the passage, how did the rats appear on the sub-Antarctic island of South Georgia?
A. They were introduced there by sailors accidentally.
B. They escaped there from Campbell Island.
C. They were attracted there by wildlife.
D. They were brought in by people deliberately.
2.Which of the following is True about Peter Garden?
A. He is in charge of the campaign on the sub-Antarctic island.
B. He will be the only pilot for the project on the sub-Antarctic island.
C. He will benefit a lot from the campaign on the sub-Antarctic island.
D. He made great contributions to the project at Campbell Island and Rat Island.
3.The operation of ridding South Georgia of rats is to carried out in autumn because _________.
A. the war against Campbell Island rats failed in all seasons except autumn.
B. only then do the New Zealanders to help the operation have the spare time.
C. the poison kills rats more effectively than it does in any other season.
D. rats then need more food and the operation does less harm to native wildlife.
4.What can we infer from the passage?.
A. Rats aren’t the only species to be blamed for the disappearance of wildlife.
B. The campaign of killing rats will benefit the native wildlife in a short time.
C. The first stage of killing rats on the sub-Antarctic island didn’t make great achievements.
D. The campaign in South Georgia will fully follow in the footsteps of that on Campbell Island.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016-2017学年山西平遥中学高一上期中考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：七选五
根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项 。选项中有两项为多余选项.
Homework is a major part of going to school: It's your teachers' way of evaluating(评价)how much you understand of what's going on in class. 1. Luckily, you can do a few things to make homework less work.
Be sure you understand the homework.
Write your homework down in your notebook or day planner if you need to. 2. It's much easier to take a minute to ask the teacher during or after class than to struggle to remember later that night!
Use any extra time in school.
Many schools have study halls that are specifically designed to allow students to study. It's tempting(诱惑)to hang out with friends during study periods or unstructured(松散的) time. 3.
Take a break.
4. So take some breaks while doing your homework. Sitting for too long without stretching or relaxing will make you less productive than if you stop every so often. Taking a 15minute break every hour is a good idea for most people.
5.
If you don't finish your homework during school, think about how much you have left and what else is going on that day, and then budget your time. Most highschool students have between 1 and 3 hours of homework a night. If it's a heavy homework day and it seems like you've got an assignment in every subject but gym and lunch, you'll need to devote more time to homework. It's a good idea to come up with some kind of homework schedule（日程）, especially if you are involved in sports or activities or have an afterschool job.
A.Pace yourself.
B.Settle down to do homework.
C.And it helps digest important concepts(概念).
D.Most people's attention spans(注意力持续时间)aren't very long.
E.Don't be afraid to ask questions about what's expected.
F.Once your homework is done, you can check over it if you have extra time.
G.But the more work you can get done in school, the less you'll have to do that night.
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