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    4．假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文．文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处．每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改．
    增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词．
    删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉．
    修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词．
    注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
               2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分．
    As is known，that it is interesting to teach child to swim while they are still babies．Most large towns in Florida and California had already run particularly lessons for babies．The idea has quickly spread to Europe which，in several countries，special courses are now offered children who are from 7 to 24 months old．The first step is to have the child get rid of the fear with water．Next，he is teaching to float in water．Unless he can do that naturally and can swim without fear，the child can master the technique and push him forward through water．

    分析 本文主要介绍了：在佛罗里达州和加利福尼亚州的大多数大城镇为婴儿开设专门的课程的影响下，欧洲一些国家为7到24个月大的婴儿开设专门的游泳课的情况．

    解答 As is known，that it is interesting to teach child to swim
    while they are still babies．Most large towns in Florida and
    Californiahadalready run particularly lessons for babies．
    The idea has quickly spread to Europe which，in several countries，
    special courses are now offered∧children who are from 7 to 24
    months old．The first step is to havethechild get rid of the fear
    withwater．Next，he is teaching to float in water．Unless he can
    do that naturally and can swim without fear，the child can master
    the technique and push him forward through water．
    详解：
    1．去掉that    考查连词   由于as本身就是连词，所以其后的主句不能用连词连接；故去掉that．
    2．had 改为have   考查时态    根据上下文都使用了一般现在时可知，此处表示过去的动作对现在产生的影响或造成的结果，所以这里应使用现在完成时；故将have．
    3．particularly改为particular  考查形容词   此处用来修饰名词lessons，故用形容词particular．
    4．which改为where   考查关系副词   本句为定语从句，由于先行词Europe在该从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where．
    5．在offered之后加to   考查固定短语  be offered to sb．意为：被提供给某人；故在offered之后加to．   
    6．the 改为a    考查不定冠词   此处用在单数名词child之前，表示泛指一个孩子；故用不定冠词a．
    7．with改为of    考查介词   with表示附带、一起的意思；而of侧重修饰前面名词的属性、特征等； 此处指的是：…的恐惧；故用of．
    8．teaching改为taught  考查被动语态    由于主语he与动词teach构成被动关系，所以本句应使用一般现在时态的被动语态；故用taught．
    9．Unless改为Once    考查句意理解以及从属连词   本句的意思是：一旦他能自然地做到这一点，并可以毫不恐惧地游泳，这样孩子就可以掌握技能并在水中推动自己前行了；此处用来引导条件状语从句，意为：一旦；unless意为：除非，如果不；故用Once．
    10．him改为himself   考查反身代词     此处在句中作宾语，强调的是他自己；故用himself

    点评 短文改错是集语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性试题，主要考查学生对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力．错误类型一般有：缺词、多词和错词．常见的错误有：1 词法错误，主要包括动词、名词、冠词、形容词、副词、代词和介词等词类误用、同义词混淆使用、固定搭配等方面．解答此类试题时，需要正确分析句子成分，熟练掌握各词类的用法以及掌握一些固定搭配等．2 常见句法错误．通常表现为简单句、复合句以及疑问句、祈使句、感叹句和强调句等错误．解答此类试题时，需要掌握各类句子的句式结构及意义用法．3 应在理解文章大意的前提下，进行作答．

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