【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Communication roadblocks are very common. They occur when two people talk in such a way that neither one feels understood.【1】However, there are several ways to help individuals overcome roadblocks.
Soften the startup. One of the skills to overcome communication roadblocks is to begin a conversation by starting with something positive, expressing appreciation and taking responsibility for thoughts and feelings.【2】For example, 'I want to stay more involved in making decisions about money' rather than 'You never include me in financial decisions. '
Make and receive repair attempts. Another important skill in overcoming communication roadblocks is learning to make and receive repair attempts. They are efforts to prevent an increasingly negative interaction from going any further.【3】This is important because when conflicts appear, we often experience stress that can affect our ability to think and reason, which can lead to communication roadblocks. Taking time away from the conflict to calm down can help us be more prepared to discuss the issue.
【4】Overcoming communication roadblocks requires each partner to take turns being the speaker and the listener so that each has a chance to express themselves effectively. The goal is not to solve a particular problem, but rather to have a safe and meaningful discussion and to understand each other's point of view, which may lead to more effective communication.
Dealing with communication roadblocks can take large amounts of mental, emotional, and physical energy. But learning and using a few simple skills can increase positive communication with others.【5】
A.Use effective speaking and listening skills.
B.Deal with roadblocks in communicating with partners.
C.Sometimes we can take a break or make efforts to calm the situation.
D.They are not good for effective communication and often deepen the conflicts.
E.The opportunities for personal and relationship growth are well worth the effort.
F.In addition, starting the message in the first person can promote positive communication.
G.Recognizing roadblocks and trying to communicate effectively help positive interactions.
【答案】
【1】D
【2】F
【3】C
【4】A
【5】E
【解析】
这是一篇选句填空。文章主要给读者介绍了一些可以帮助克服交流障碍的小技巧。
【1】
上文Communication roadblocks are very common. They occur when two people talk in such a way that neither one feels understood.(沟通障碍是很常见的。当两个人以一种互相不理解的方式交谈时，就会发生这种情况)与D. They are not good for effective communication and often deepen the conflicts.(它们不利于有效沟通，而且往往会加深冲突)承接自然，选项中的they就上文提到的communication roadblocks，故选D项。
【2】
下文For example, 'I want to stay more involved in making decisions about money' rather than 'You never include me in financial decisions. ' (例如，“我想更多地参与有关金钱的决策”，而不是“你从来没有让我参与财务的决策”)与F. In addition, starting the message in the first person can promote positive communication.(此外，以第一人称开始信息可以促进积极的沟通)承接自然，下文是对选项所提到方法的举例说明，故选F项。
【3】
下文This is important because when conflicts appear, we often experience stress that can affect our ability to think and reason, which can lead to communication roadblocks. Taking time away from the conflict to calm down can help us be more prepared to discuss the issue.(这一点很重要，因为当冲突出现时，我们经常会感受到压力，这种压力会影响我们的思考和推理能力，从而导致沟通障碍。从冲突中抽时间冷静下来，可以帮助我们更有准备地讨论这个问题) 与C. Sometimes we can take a break or make efforts to calm the situation.(有时，我们可以休息一下或努力让局势平静下来。)承接自然，下文的this就指代选项中所提到的内容，此外calm是关键词，故选C项。
【4】
根据下文Overcoming communication roadblocks requires each partner to take turns being the speaker and the listener so that each has a chance to express themselves effectively. (克服沟通障碍需要双方轮流做说话者和倾听者，以便每个人都有机会有效地表达自己)可知，本段主要讲述要有效利用说话和倾听的技能。A. Use effective speaking and listening skills.(使用有效的谈话和听话技巧)可以作为本段中心句，故选A项。
【5】
上文But learning and using a few simple skills can increase positive communication with others.(但是，学习和使用一些简单的技巧可以增加与他人的积极沟通)与 E. The opportunities for personal and relationship growth are well worth the effort.(这些发展个人和人际关系的机会是值得你付出努力的)承接自然，因为简单的技巧可以增加与他人的积极沟通，是发展自己个人和人际关系的机会，值得付出努力。故选E项。
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On Knowing the Difference
It is as though we can know nothing of a thing until we know its name. Can we be said to know what a pigeon is unless we know that it is a pigeon? We may have seen it again and again, and noted it as a bird with a full bosom and swift wings. But if we are not able to name it except vaguely as a “bird”, we seem to be separated from it by a vast distance of ignorance. Learn that it is a pigeon however, and immediately it rushes towards us across the distance, like something seen through a telescope. No doubt to the pigeon fancier (爱好者) this would seem but the most basic knowledge, and he would not think much of our acquaintance with pigeons if we could not tell a carrier from a pouter. That is the charm (魅力) of knowledge—it is merely a door into another sort of ignorance.
There are always new differences to be discovered, new names to be learned, new individualities to be known, new classifications to be made. No man with a grain of either poetry or the scientific spirit in him has any right to be bored with the world, though he lived for a thousand years.
There is scarcely a subject that does not contain sufficient differences to keep an explorer happy for a lifetime. It is said that thirteen thousand species of butterflies have already been discovered, and it is suggested that there may be nearly twice as many that have so far escaped the naturalists Many men give all the pleasant hours of their lives to learning how to know the difference between one kind of moth (蛾) and another. One used to see these moth-hunters on windless nights chasing their quarry fantastically with nets in the light of lamps. In chasing moths, they chase knowledge. This, they feel, is life at its most exciting, its most intense.
The townsman passing a field of sheep finds it difficult to believe that the shepherd can distinguish between one and another of them with as much certainty as if they were his children. And do not most of us think of foreigners as beings who are all turned out as if on a pattern, like sheep?
Thus our first generalizations spring from ignorance rather than from knowledge. They are true, as long as we know that they are not entirely true. As soon as we begin to accept them as absolute truths, they become lies. I do not wish to deny the importance of generalizations. It is not possible to think or even to act without them. The generalization that is founded on a knowledge of and a delight in the variety of things is the end of all science and poetry.
Title: On Knowing the Difference | |
Passage outline | Supporting details |
The 【1】 of a name in knowing a thing | ● Not knowing its name, you will feel distantly 【2】 from a thing however many times you’ve seen it. ● A thing will become magically close and 【3】 to you the moment you are able to name it. ● The charm of knowledge 【4】 in that its boundaries can be always pushed back. |
A world full of differences | ● As there’s always something new remaining to be 【5】, one is not supposed to Suffer any boredom with the world in his lifetime. ● One subject alone contains so many 【6】 that anyone interested may have to devote his 【7】 to learning them. ● By chasing knowledge, people will experience the greatest 【8】 and intensity that life can offer. |
True but never entirely true generalizations | ● The way the townsman look at sheep and we look at foreigners illustrates that our first generalizations are made out of 【9】 of knowledge. ● Important as generalizations are in our thinking and acting, they will become lies once we regard them as absolute 【10】. ● Coming to know the variety of things with delight is the final generalization all science and poetry aim to make. |
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