Question

20．Innocent Fast Food Restaurant
A study by academics from the University of California and Northwestern University claimed that"the causal link between the consumption of restaurant foods and obesity （肥胖） is minimal at best．"
It argued that a tax on high-calorie （卡路里） food，（33）whichwas proposed by many health campaigners in the US and Britain，might therefore not be an effective way for governments to deal with the problem．
It analyzed data on calorie intake around the country，which （34）had been collected（collect） before under the leadership of the US Department of Agriculture．The study found that people living closer （35）torestaurants were not significantly more likely to be obese than people living further away，（36）indicating（indicate） that easy access to restaurants had little effect．
It also showed that while restaurant meals typically held more calories than home-produced food，many customers often make up for this by eating （37）less（little） throughout the rest of the day．
"Obese people who ate at restaurants，"the study indicated，"also eat more when they eat at home．"
The US government estimates （38）thatabout one in three Americans，or 100 million in total，are obese．Last month it was predicted that 75 percent of Americans would be overweight in 2020．
The problem is thought to cost Americans between 150billionand170 billion in annual medical costs．
"While taxing restaurant meals might means （39）changing（change） where these consumers eat，"the study's authors，Michael Anderson and David Matsa，wrote，"our study results suggest that a tax （40）wouldbe unlikely to affect their potential tendency to overeat．"

Answer 1

分析 加利福尼亚大学和西北大学的一项研究发现"快餐食物和肥胖之间并没有必然联系"．  在英国和美国，众多的健康人士建议对高卡路里食物征税，但是这项研究却表明这样做也许并不是政府解决肥胖问题的有效途径． 该研究分析了由美国农业局统计的关于美国各个地区人们卡路里摄入量的数据．结果发现住在餐馆附近的人并不比远地方的人更加肥胖，这就意味着离快餐店近并不是造成肥胖的直接原因．研究还表明虽然快餐食物通常含有比家里自制的食物更高的卡路里，但是人们在吃完快餐食物之后往往会减少一天食物的摄入量，这样副作用就抵消了． 研究表明，在餐馆吃饭的肥胖人士在自己家里的时候往往也会吃得很多． 美国政府估计每一百个美国人中间就有一个肥胖者．上个月的一项调查预估到2020 年75%的美国人都会超重．肥胖问题每年都会花费美国政府1500 亿到1700 亿美元的医疗费用． 研究者认为，"尽管向高卡路里食物征税可能改变人们的就餐地点，但是却不能改变他们潜在的过度饮食的习惯．"

解答 33．which；考查关系代词，结合上下文语境，这里用关系代词which指代It argued that a tax on high-calorie （卡路里） food这件事．
34．had been collected；考查动词的时态，短文通篇用了过去时态，这里句子中又出现了before，说明动作发生在过去之前，即"过去的过去"，所以要用过去完成时．
35．to；考查固定搭配，"距离…很近"用短语"be close to"，在文中形容词close用了它的比较级形式．
36．indicating；考查分词作状语，结合上下文，前面的句子动词indicate之间是主谓关系，所以用现在分词作状语．
37．less；考查比较级，结合上下文，这里认为消费者"吃完快餐后回家吃的就少了"，作者把吃快餐和在家吃的作了比较，所以要用比较级．
38．that；考查关系代词，这里用关系代词that引导宾语从句，作动词estimates 的宾语．
39．changing；考查习惯用法，动词mean后面通常跟doing或to do，mean doing表示"意味着"，mean to do表示"打算"；结合上下文这里应该用mean doing．
40．would；考查情态动词，结合句意空格处用情态动词would表示语气更加委婉，意为"征税将不可能改变他们过度饮食的习惯"．

点评 在短文改错当中，首先要从整体掌握短文大意，结合上下文语境并充分运用平时掌握的基础知识，充分运用所学的基础知识，包括一些实词和虚词的用法，固定短语搭配，习惯性用法，结合上下文整体关系，找出错误并加以修正．