Question

【题目】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Researchers at the Canadian Institute for Advanced Research show how the interaction (交互) between remembering and forgetting in the brain 【1】 (allow) us to make more intelligent decisions 【2】 (base) on memory. They published a new review paper in the journal Neuron.

Forgetting makes us smart by working with memorizing 【3】 the following ways, the researchers say. First, letting go of outdated information lets us adapt to new situations. By forgetting the old and potentially misleading information, we can adapt to new environments 【4】 (easy). Second, forgetting also makes decision- making simple. We just remember the important information which makes it easy for us 【5】 (make) wise decisions.

What and how much we remember can 【6】 (decide) by our environments, For example, a lawyer or a designer with a set of clients will likely remember 【7】 (they) names for a longer period of time, A cashier who has a changing sea of 【8】 (customer) every day will only remember names for a short amount of time.

The researchers point out that the motto is true: If you don’t use it, you lose it. But as 【9】 review paper shows, it can be a good thing. Clearing out the information you don’t need can help make room for the important things, 【10】 can make you become more intelligent.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】allows

【2】based

【3】in

【4】easily

【5】to make

【6】be decided

【7】their

【8】customers

【9】the

【10】which

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究指出，记忆和忘记之间的交互会让我们变得更聪明，因为忘掉不需要的信息可以给重要的信息提供空间。

【1】考查时态。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句的谓语动词，因为讲述一般情况，且主句为一般现在时，故此处也用一般现在时，主语the interaction是第三人称单数，故谓语动词用三单现，故填allows。

【2】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，base和decisions之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，故填based。

【3】考查介词。此处考查固定表达in the following ways“用以下的方法”，是固定短语，故填in。

【4】考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词adapt作状语，故填easily。

【5】考查不定式。此处考查固定句型make it + adj.+ for sb. to do sth.“让做某事对于某人来说……”，其中it是形式宾语，不定式是真正的宾语，故填to make。

【6】考查被动语态。分析句子可知此处是句子谓语动词，主语What and how much we remember和decide之间是被动关系，故应用被动语态，又can后接动词原形，故填be decided。

【7】考查代词。此处应用they的形容词性物主代词修饰名词names，故填their。

【8】考查名词的数。根据短语a sea of“大量的”判断此处用名词复数形式，故填customers。

【9】考查冠词。结合上下文可知，此处特指前文提到的a new review paper，故应用定冠词。故填the。

【10】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句关系词，先行词是前面的整个句子，它在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词which，故填which。

第10小题考查定语从句关系词。确定定语从句关系词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：

找出先行词：Clearing out the information you don’t need can help make room for the important things

分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分：先行词在从句中充当主语，应用关系代词

考虑特殊情况：非限制性定语从句，以及句子作先行词时不能使用that

故填which。