Question

Until the 1980s, the American homeless population comprised mainly older males. Today, homelessness strikes much younger part of society. In fact, a 25-city survey by the U. S. Conference of Mayors in 1987 found that families with children make up the fastest growing part of the homeless population. Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.

Estimates of the number of homeless Americans range from 350,000 to three million. Likewise, estimates of the number of homeless school children vary radically. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.

One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes. The Elementary School Center in New York City estimates that there are 1.5 million of them, many of whom are not counted as children because they do not stay in family shelters and tend to live by themselves on the streets.

Federal law, the Stewart B. McKinney Homeless Assistance Act of 1987, includes a section that addresses the educational needs of homeless children. The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.

1.It is implied in the first paragraph that ____.

A. there is a serious shortage of academic facilities.

B. homeless children are denied the opportunity of receiving free education.

C. the writer himself is homeless, even in his eighties.

D. many older homeless residents are going on strike in 25 cities.

2.The National Coalition for the homeless believes that the number of homeless children is _____.

A. 440,000    B. 110,000   C. 350,000　D. 1,500,000

3.One part of the homeless population is difficult to estimate. The reason might well be ____.

A. the homeless children usually stay outside school.

B. some homeless children are deserted by their families.

C. the homeless children are too young to be counted as children.

D. the homeless population is growing rapidly.

4.The McKinney Act is mentioned in this passage in order to show that ___.

A. the address of grade-school children should be located.

B. all homeless people are entitled to free education.

C. the educational problems of homeless children are being recognized.

D. the estimates on homeless children are hard to determine.

5.The passage mainly deals with ____.

A. the social status of older males.

B. estimates on the homeless population.

C. the legal problems of the homeless children.

　　D. the educational problems of homeless children.

 

Answer 1

【答案】

 

1.A

2.A

3.B

4.C

5.D

【解析】

试题分析：

1.主旨推断题。由第一段可知Many homeless children gather in inner cities; this transient and frequently frightened student population creates additional problems — both legal and educational — for already overburdened urban school administrators and teachers.许多无家可归的孩子聚集在市中心，这种激增现象令人吃惊的学生数量对于已经负担过重的城镇老师和学校领导来说也产生了额外的问题—法律上的和教育方面的问题。可知，第一段暗含着教学设施严重短缺的问题。故选A

2.细节题。从第二段. A U.S. Department of Education report, based on state estimates, states that there are 220,000 homeless school-age children, about a third of whom do not attend school on a regular basis, But the National Coalition for the Homeless estimates that there are at least two times as many homeless children, and that less than half of them attend school regularly.一份基于官方估计的美国教育部报告称有220000的无家可归的学龄儿童，其中1/3不能按时上学，但流浪者国家联合委员会估计，无家可归的孩子至少有两倍，并且只有不到一半的儿童能按时上学，可知，国家联合委员会估计的无家可归的学龄儿童人数为220000*2=440000.故选A

3.细节题。第三段One part of the homeless population that is particularly difficult to count consists of the “throwaway” youths who have been cast of their homes.有一部分无家可归的人数是很难估计的，那是因为他们是由一些已经被家庭抛弃的孩子组成。故选B

4.推断题。由第四段最后一句The educational provisions of the McKinney Act are based on the belief that all homeless children have the right to a free, appropriate education.可知，麦金尼运动的教育宗旨是他们相信所有无家可归的孩子都有权利接受一个免费适当的教育。可知，作者写Mcking ACT是为了给我们说明无家可归的孩子们的教育问题正在被引起重视了。故选C.文章并未提到小学儿童的地址应被定位。排除A.文章只讲到所有流浪孩子有得到免费教育的权利，并不是说所有无家可归的人都有免费教育权利。排除B。本例并没有讲到数量难以估计。排除D

5.主旨题。第一自然段，二段和最后一段均讲到了education，可知，这篇文章主要涉及到的是无家可归的孩子们的教育。故选D.A中文章并不是着重讲老人的社会地位问题，知识第一句话举了个实例。文中讲到了无家可归的人数难以估计，但这并不是重点阐述的话题。排除B.同样文中并没有提到法律方面的问题，C排除。

考点：说明文

点评：本文讲述了美国社会无家可归孩子的教育方面的问题。本文采用总分的形式，对legal problem和educational problem进行了说明，本文主要说明了后者。答此类题型时，首先注意细节题的答题技巧，一定要仔细的对比原文和题目中的异同，对句意要充分的理解。对于主旨题和推断题可以利用排除法，每一道这样的题目都会在文章中的相应位置找到，学生在答题时应抓住答案所在文章中的那一段的段意，弄清楚作者主要在讲什么，在结合排除法逐一作答，这样题目就能迎刃而解了。

 

                              C

【题文】Are you a media addict who would go mad after two hours without TV, friend requests, exciting online games and your mobile – or would you easily survive?

Recently, university students around the world were asked to volunteer in a global experiment called Unplugged. It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.

Unplugged is being run by Dr Roman Gerodimos, a lecturer in Communication and Journalism at Bournemouth University. The experiment is now over but he doesn’t yet know the full findings. However, during the experiment, Dr Gerodimos said there were already signs of how much the exercise affected volunteers. He said: “They’re reporting withdrawal symptoms(症状), overeating, feeling nervous, isolated and disconnected.” During their 24-hour painful experience, three of the experiment’s guinea pigs had to endure one intrusion(侵扰) from the media: a BBC reporter plus cameraman who followed them around for the day. They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops. Elliot Day wrote: “Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. Despite being aware of the social importance of the media, I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.” From Caroline Scott, we read: “I didn’t expect it, but being prevented from the media for 24 hours resulted in my day-to-day activities becoming so much harder to carry out than usual… I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to, but it’s not something I would like to do again!” And Charlotte Gay wrote: “I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been my mobile; not only is it a social tool, it’s my main access point of communication.”

Earlier in the year, a UK government study found that in the UK we spend about half our waking hours using the media, often plugged into several things at once. And a recent study by Nielson found that on average, US teenagers send and receive over 3,000 texts per month ---that’s about six texts per waking hour. So, with technology continuing to develop at an alarming rate, how much time will you set aside for sleep in the future?

6.What’s the purpose of the first paragraph?

   A. To ask for information.               B. To entertain the readers.

   C. To lead to the topic.                 D. To present an idea.

7.About Dr. Roman Gerodimos’ experiment, we know that ________.

   A. volunteers felt uncomfortable in it. 

B. volunteers didn’t want to eat anything.

   C. the experiment was still going on.   

D. volunteers were allowed to take their laptops.

8.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A. Three pigs were included in the experiment.  

B. A BBC reporter discussed the experiment.

C. During the 24 hours’ experiment the volunteers wrote out their experiences. 

D. The lecturer had expected sweat would suddenly appear on the volunteers through fear.

9.What does the sentence “…was thrown up into the air” most probably means?

   A. went on normally.                 B. was completely disturbed.

   C. turned out perfect.              D. was badly designed.

10.Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

   A. Surviving without the Media.     B. Unplugging Your Life.

   C. Valuing Social Communication.    D. Setting Aside Time for Sleep.

【答案】

11.C

12.A

13.D

14.B

15.B

【解析】

试题分析：

16.推断题。第一段讲到如果你在两小时内没有电视，交友请求，网络游戏和你的手机时 ，你会发疯吗？第二段It was designed to see how young people would react if they were asked to observe a total media ban by unplugging all forms of media devices for 24 hours.可知，举出事例说明有一项针对年青人在24小时内没有任何形式的媒体设备时，他们是如何反应的 调查。可知，第一段是为了引出下文的主题。故选C

17.推断题。第三段三位志愿者的讲述中，从I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.可知，Elliot Day认为如果没有收音机或报纸他会觉得很空虚。从but it’s not something I would like to do again!可知，Caroline Scott不想再尝试一次。从 I have to say the most difficult item for me to be without has been my mobile可知，没有手机对Charlotte Gay来讲是最困难的事情。故可知，他们在实验中感觉不舒服。故选A。文中并未讲到吃东西，所以排除B，从第三段The experiment is now over.可知，实验已结束，排除C。从but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.可知，只有第二天才能用电脑，故排除D。

18.判断题。文中并不是讲三头猪被包括在实验中，文中第三段提到guinea pigs应理解为试验品而并非是猪，排除A.文中第三段a BBC reporter plus cameraman who followed them around for the day.一个BBC记者和摄影师会跟踪报道他们并非讨论这个实验，排除B。文中第三段They were asked to write down 100 lines about their day offline, but of course, they all waited until the next day when they had access to their laptops.他们被要求写100行的实验感受，但必须在第二天才写，可知并非在实验期间，排除C。文中第三段Caroline Scott话中I didn’t break out in a cold sweat like our lecturer expected us all to他并没有出现讲师所期望的突然冒冷汗的现象，可知讲师期望志愿者因恐惧而突然冒冷汗。故选D

19.推断题。前文讲到Today, my whole morning routine was thrown up into the air. I was surprised by how empty my life felt without the radio or newspapers.他一天的日常工作打乱了，他感到没有收音机或报纸，自己的生活很空虚，可知他的日常工作被完全扰乱了，而不能说日常生活设计很糟糕，排除D，故选B

20.主旨题。结合全文，第二段江大这项全球性试验的名称是Unplugged。文章整个围绕没有电子设备的生活，人们的感受，故选B，答案更为形象，即让你的生活不插电，而A只在第一段最后一句提到生存，排除，文中并不是主要讨论重视社会交流，排除C，D只在最后一段出现，排除。

考点：夹叙夹议文

点评：文中主要介绍了一项年轻人在24小时内没有电子设备时的生活感受，进而作者发出随着科技进步，在未来又会留出多长时间来睡觉呢？这样的疑问，文中对于推断题要采用排除法，把握文章的中心思想，再结合选项逐一排除作答。主旨题，尤其是选标题的题目，标题一般需要形象生动，可适当留有疑问，激发读者阅读的欲望。