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    阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从1—15各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
    In every cultivated language there are two greet classes of words which, taken together, comprise the whole vocabulary. First, there are those words  1  which we become acquainted in daily conversation, which we   2  ,that is to say, from the    3  of our own family and from our familiar associates, and   4  we should know and use we could not read or write. They    5  the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of all who    6  the language. Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people    7   and are not the exclusive of a limited class. On the other hand, our language   9   a multitude of words which are comparatively used in ordinary conversation. Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little    10   to use them at home or in the market-place. Our    11   acquaintance with them comes not from our mother's or from the talk of our school-mates, from books that we read, lectures that we    12   ,or the more    13   conversation of highly educated speakers who are discussing some particular    14  in a style appropriately elevated above the habitual of everyday life. Such words are called “learned”, and the    15   between them and the “popular” words is of great importance to a right understanding of linguistic process.
    小题1:
    A．atB．withC．byD．through
    小题2:
    A．study B．imitateC．stimulateD．learn
    小题3:
    A．matesB．relativesC．membersD．fellows
    小题4:
    A．whichB．thatC．thoseD．ones
    小题5:
    A．mind B．concernC．careD．involve
    小题6:
    A．hireB．apply C．adopt D．use
    小题7:
    A．in publicB．at mostC．at largeD．at best
    小题8:
    A．consistsB．comprisesC．constitutesD．composes
    小题9:
    A．seldomB．much C．never D．often
    小题10:
    A．prospectB．wayC．reasonD．necessity
    小题11:
    A．primaryB．firstC．principalD．prior
    小题12:
    A．hear ofB．attendC．hear fromD．listen
    小题13:
    A．formerB．formulaC．formalD．formative
    小题14:
    A．themeB．topic C．ideaD．point
    小题15:
    A．diversionB．distinctionC．diversityD．similarity

    小题1:B
    小题1:D
    小题1:C
    小题1:A
    小题1:B
    小题1:D
    小题1:C
    小题1:B
    小题1:A
    小题1:D
    小题1:B
    小题1:B
    小题1:C
    小题1:B
    小题1:B
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850 – 1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed "the Garden City", almost certainly the source of Howard's name for his later building plan of towns．Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs．
    The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities．At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression（萧条）and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life．Howard's idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city．Howard's idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price．
    Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries．They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions．As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away．Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city．
    小题1:How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?
    A．By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago．
    B．Through his observation of the country life．
    C．Through the combination of different ideas．
    D．By taking other people's advice．
    小题2:The underlined phrase "drawing on "in Paragraph 1 probably means______．
    A．making comments onB．giving an explanation of
    C．giving a description ofD．making use of
    小题3:What can we learn about garden cities from the last paragraph?
    A．Each one would continue to become larger
    B．People would live and work in the same place
    C．Their number would continue to rise
    D．Each one would contain a certain type of business
    小题4:What could be the best title for the passage?
    A．City and Countryside
    B．The Invention of the Garden City
    C．A New City in Chicago
    D．A Famous Garden City in England

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    “We do look very different; we’re older. Leo’s 38, I’m 37. We were 21 and 22 when we made that film. You know, he’s fatter now -- I’m thinner.” So says Kate Winslet, who is thrilled at the 3-D re-release of Titanic to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the ship’s demise. “It happens every time I get on any boat of any kind." She recalls. There are all the people who want her to walk to the front of the ship and re-create her famous pose, arms flung wide. Most people remember the tragedy: The British passenger ship—said to be unsinkable—hit an iceberg and sank on April 15, 1912, during its maiden voyage from England to New York City. More than 1,500 people died. But little known is what the world learned from the sinking to prevent future incidents.
    Probably the greatest deficiency (不足) of the Titanic was that she was built 40 years before the widespread use of the wonderful invention radar (雷达). Her only defense against icebergs and hidden obstacles was to rely on manned lookouts. On that fateful night the eyesight of trained lookouts only provided 37 seconds of warning before the collision.
    Traveling at nearly 30 miles an hour, the Titanic was moving far too fast to avoid the huge iceberg. The warning did prevent a head-on collision as the officer on the bridge managed to turn the ship slightly.
    The last ship to which it could send an SOS message was the California. She was within ten miles of the Titanic during the disaster, but her radio operator went to bed at midnight and never received any of the SOS messages from the Titanic. That was one of the important lessons learned from the catastrophe, the need for 24-hour radio operators on all passenger liners.
    Another lesson learned was the need for more lifeboats. The Titanic remained afloat (漂浮) for almost three hours and most of the passengers could have been saved with enough lifeboats.
    1,500 passengers and workers died in the 28 degree waters of the Atlantic. Out of the tragedy, the sinking did produce some important maritime reforms. The winter travel routes were changed to the south and the Coast Guard began to keep an eye on the location of all icebergs. The new rules for lifeboats were obvious to all. There must be enough lifeboats for everybody on board.
    The most important lesson learned was that no one would ever again consider a ship unsinkable—no matter how large or how well constructed. Never again would sailors place their faith in a ship above the power of the sea.
    小题1:The text mainly tells us ______.
    A．the reason why the Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean
    B．how the unsinkable ship of Titanic sank in the Atlantic Ocean
    C．the lessons that we could learn from the accident of the Titanic
    D．the things we should do to protect the lives on the ship
    小题2:According to the passage, which of the following could we infer?
    A．If the captain had been more careful, he could have had the chance to save the Titanic.
    B．If radar had existed 40 years ago, the Titanic would have never disappeared from the world.
    C．If the lookout had had much more experience, he could have had the time to save the Titanic.
    D．If there had been enough lifeboats on the Titanic, the Titanic would not have sunk in the Atlantic.
    小题3:What would be the best title for the passage?
    A．Lessons from the TitanicB．Technology is Important
    C．Demands of PassengersD．Power of Sea
    小题4:What’s the sailors’ attitude towards the ships after the tragedy?
    A．They think there really exists the unsinkable ship.
    B．They think ships could eventually defeat the sea.
    C．They think there is no power that could control the sea.
    D．They think the bigger the ship is, the safer it is.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    In the decade（十年）of the 1970s, the United Nations organized several important meetings on the human environment to study a very serious problem．We humans are destroying the world around us．We must learn to protect them, or life will be very bad for our children and grandchildren．
    There are several major aspects to this problem．
    Population
    Most problems of the environment come from population growth．In 1700 there were 635 million people in the world; in 1900 there were 1．6 billion; in 1950, 2．5 billion; and in 1980, 4．4 billion．In the year 2010 there will be 7．3 billion．More people need more water, more food, more wood, and more petroleum．
    Distribution
    Scientists say there is enough water in the world for everyone, but some countries have a lot of water and some have only a little．Some areas get all rain during one season．The rest of the year is dry．
    Petroleum
    We are using up the world’s petroleum．We use it in our cars and to heat our buildings in winter．Farmers use petrochemicals to make the soil rich．They use them to kill insects on those plants．These chemicals go into rivers and lakes and kill the fish there．Thousands of people also die from these chemicals every year．Chemicals also go into the air and pollute it．Winds carry this polluted air to other countries and other countries．
    Poverty
    Poor farmers use the same land over and over．The land needs a rest so it will be better next year．However, the farmer must have food every year．Poor people cut down trees for firewood．In some areas when the trees are gone, the land becomes desert．However, people need wood to cook their food now．Poor people cannot save the environment for the future．
    We now have the information and the ability to solve these huge problems．However, this is not a problem for one country or one area of the world．It is a problem for all humans．The people and the nation of the world must work together to protect the world’s resources．No one controls the future, but we all help make it．
    小题1:According to the passage, our world is being destroyed mainly because ______．
    A．pollution is getting worse and worse
    B．population are increasing greatly
    C．we humans are using up all of our natural resources
    D．distribution is not reasonable．
    小题2:Good distribution means ________．
    A．having things in the right place at the right time．
    B．cutting down forests and selling them to other countries．
    C．building water systems to carry water to farms．
    D．conserving our natural resources
    小题3:The best title of the passage should be ________
    A．The World Being Destroyed
    B．A Serious Problem We Should Pay Attention to
    C．Aspects That Destroyed Our World
    D．Conserving the World’s Natural Resources

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    More people speak English than any other language except Chinese .English is the main language spoken in the United Kingdom，Ireland，Australia，New Zealand，Canada，the United States and some other countries. Altogether more than 450 million people speak English as their everyday language .Another 100 million or more speak at least some English. Most English words come from old Anglo­ Saxon，French，or Latin words.
    Modern English developed through the efforts（努力） of literary(文学的)and political writings .Modern English was influenced by old English，the beginning of the university­ educated people，Shakespeare，the common language found in the middle of present­day England and an effort to show and standardize(使标准化)English.
    British English，known as Standard English or Oxford English，underwent changes during the colonization(殖民)of North America and the creation（创建）of the United States .British English words changed into American English words，such as centre to center，metre to meter，theatre to theater and so on.
    Until the 18th century，British and American English were very similar with almost no difference .Immigration（移民） to America by other English peoples changed the language by 1700.Noah Webster，author of the first authoritative(权威的)American English dictionary，created many changes.
    小题1:Modern English developed through______.
    A．the efforts of literary writingsB．the efforts of political writings
    C．old ChineseD．both A and B
    小题2:American English changed from______ during the colonization of North America and the creation of the United States.
    A．British EnglishB．Standard EnglishC．Oxford EnglishD．all of the above
    小题3:British English was almost similar to American English until the______ century.
    A．20thB．19thC．18thD．17th
    小题4:What is the title of the passage?
    A．Why more people speak EnglishB．What modern English is
    C．When British and American English had no differenceD．English and its development

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Coupons to spend
    “How did you spend your coupons?”
    On their first day back to school, many students in Hangzhou greeted each other this way.
    The coupons referred to the 100 yuan coupons each student received form the city government before the Spring Festival holidays. Over 260,000 primary school and middle school students were given coupons. They could use them in local stores and supermarkets, or to see movies and buy books.
    The same coupons have also been given to low income families in Hangzhou. Other cities, including Chengdu and Nanjing, also gave coupons to their citizens. More cities are expected to follow their lead.
    Why are local governments doing this?
    These programmes are all part of a broader effort in China to increase domestic demand in the face of the global financial crisis.
    The crisis has seriously affected China’s exports and investments (投资). Many factories in southern cities have been closed down. Some companies are laying off workers or reducing their pay. The stock market and real estate market have been falling.
    In a time of financial crisis, people usually respond by saving money. They are uncertain about the future and are afraid that more difficult times may be ahead. Now many people are choosing not to spend money carelessly. Major chain stores have seen a sharp slowdown in sales, analysts say.
    But spending keeps an economy healthy. If people don’t spend, there will be too many products in the market. Then shops will stop buying products from factories. When factories receive no orders, they close down. The workers there accordingly lose their jobs. Also, if people don’t spend, the service industry suffers. The total result is that the whole economy breaks down.
    Issuing coupons is a practical and effective way to increase domestic demand in the current situation, said Jiang Zengwei, vice-minister of China’s Ministry of Commerce. Hangzhou reported a rise in customers in local markets during Spring Festival holiday.
    However, issuing coupons is only a temporary measure. To increase consumers’ confidence, the government needs to establish a sound secure social system in the long term. When people don’t have to worry about education, health care and their pension, they will be more willing to spend instead of saving.
    小题1:Why are local governments issuing coupons?
    A．To increase domestic demand in the face of the global financial crisis.
    B．To enable students to use them in local stores and supermarkets, or to see movies and buy books independently.
    C．To help those low income families in the global financial crisis.
    D．To show the government’s ability to solve economic problems
    小题2:What is NOT the influence that the global financial crisis has brought us?
    A．China’s exports and investments have been seriously affected.
    B．People begin to spend money without a second thought.
    C．Workers are faced with losing jobs and the reduction of the salaries.
    D．The active stock market and real estate market have gone.
    小题3:What can be inferred from the passage?
    A．Issuing coupons is a practical and effective way to increase domestic demand in a long term.
    B．The total result of saving money is that the whole economy breaks down.
    C．The government may carry out new policies to encourage citizens to be willing to spend in the near future.
    D．After issuing the coupons, the local markets have seen a rise in customers during Spring Festival holiday.
    小题4:If the government is to print a slogan on the coupons to restore consumers’ confidence, what might be used to promote the idea?
    A．Spend now, save later.
    B．Spend money like there’s no tomorrow; come on!
    C．Spend money like it’s going out of style; let’s do it!
    D．Big spender, wise spender.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    The CEO of Apple, Steve Jobs’ story about death
    When I was 17, I read a quote that went something like: “If you live each day as if it were your last, someday you’ll most certainly be right.” It made an impression on me, and since then, for the past 33years, I have looked in the mirror every morning and asked myself, “If today were the last day of my life, would I want to do what I am about to do today?”
    Remembering that I’ll be dead soon is the most important tool I’ve ever encountered（遇到）to help me make the big choice in life.
    About a year ago I was diagnosed with cancer. The doctors told me this was almost certainly a type of cancer that was incurable, and that I would live no longer than three to six months. My doctor advised me to go home and get my affairs in order, which is my doctors’ code for preparing yourself to die.
    I lived with that diagnosis all day. I was completely in despair. Later that evening, I had another biopsy（活组织检查）and my wife told me that tumor turned to be curable with surgery. I had the surgery and I’m fine now.
    This was the closest I’ve been to facing death. To tell the truth, no one wants to die. And yet death is the destination we all share. No one has ever escaped it. It clears out the old to make room for the new. Right now the new is you, but someday not too long from now, you will gradually become the old and be cleared away.
    Your time is so limited that you shouldn’t waste it repeating someone else’s life. Don’t be trapped by dogma（教条）----which is living with the results of other people’s thinking. Don’t let the noise of others’ opinions drown out your own inner voice. And most importantly, have the courage to follow your heart. It somehow already knows what you truly want to become. Everything else is secondary.
    小题1:The doctor advised the author to go home and get his affairs in order because_________.
    A．he had to rest at home
    B．his disease was not serious at all
    C．his disease couldn’t be cured
    D．he had to wait for the result of the test
    小题2: How did the author feel after the diagnosis?
    A．AngryB．ExcitedC．OptimisticD．Hopeless
    小题3:What does the author think of death?
    A．He thinks it is nothing to be scared of.
    B．He thinks it is not the end of life.
    C．He thinks it is impossible to avoid.
    D．He thinks it is the beginning of a new life
    小题4: In the author’s opinion, we should ____________.
    A. follow others’ advice
    B. take no notice of diseases
    C. take exercise and keep healthy
    D have the courage to follow our heart

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

      The idea of “law” exists in every culture. All societies have some kind of law to keep order and to control the interactions of people with those around them. The laws of any culture tell people three things: what they can do (their right), what they must do (their duties), and what they may not do. In addition, there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law.
    Although all societies have laws, not all have the same idea of justice—which is “right” and “wrong” and how “wrong” should be punished. In most Western cultures, it is thought that punishing criminals will prevent them from committing other crimes. Also, it is hoped that the fear of punishment will act as a deterrent(威慑) that prevents other people from committing similar crimes; in other words, people who are considering a life of crime will decide against it because of fear of punishment. In most non-Western cultures, by contrast, punishment is not seen as a deterrent. Instead, great importance is placed on restoring balance in the situation. A thief, for example, may be ordered to return the things he has stolen instead of, as in Western societies, spending time in prison.
    Another difference in the concept of justice lies in various societies’ ideas of what laws are. In the West, people consider “laws” quite different from “customs”. There is also a great contrast between “sins” (breaking religious laws) and “crimes” (breaking laws of the government). In many non-Western cultures, on the other hand, there is little separation of customs, laws, and religious beliefs; in other cultures, these three may be quite separate from one another, but still very much different from those in the West. For these reasons, an action may be considered a crime in one country, but be socially acceptable in others. For instance, although a thief is viewed as a criminal in much of the world, in a small village where there is considerable communal（公共的） living and sharing of objects, the word thief may have little meaning. Someone who has taken something without asking is simply considered an impolite person.
    Most countries have two kinds of law: criminal and civil. People who have been accused of acts such as murder or theft are heard in the criminal justice system, while civil justice deals with people who are believed to have violated others’ rights. The use of the civil system reflects the values of the society in which it exists. In the United States where personal, individual justice is considered very important, civil law has become “big business.” There are over 600,000 lawyers in the United States, and many of them keep busy with civil lawsuits; that is, they work for people who want to sue others. If a man falls over a torn rug in a hotel and breaks his arm, for instance, he might decide to sue the hotel owners so that they will pay his medical costs. In a country like Japan, by contrast, there is very little use of the civil justice system. Lawsuits are not very popular in Japan, where social harmony is even more important than individual rights, and where people would rather reach agreement outside court.
    小题1: The main point of paragraph 1 is that____.
    A．all societies, Western or non-Western, have some kind of law to keep order.
    B．most countries in the world have two kinds of law “criminal and civil ”
    C．there are usually specific types of punishment for those who break the law.
    D．the laws of any culture dictate people’s rights, duties and what they are not supposed to do
    小题2: Which is TRUE in most Western cultures?
    A．Punishment has double functions.
    B．A thief may be referred to as an impolite person.
    C．Punishment is not regarded as a deterrent.
    D．There is lots of communal living and sharing of objects.
    小题3:Which statement is NOT true according to the article?
    A．In the West, people think laws and customs are rather different.
    B．In the West, there is little difference between “sins” and “crimes”.
    C．An action that is considered a crime in one country may be socially acceptable in another.
    D．There is far less use of the civil justice system in Japan than in the United States.
    小题4:Which of the following cases are not heard in the criminal justice system?
    A．Robbing a pedestrian.B．Kidnapping people for ransom.
    C．Breaking into a bank.D．Failing to pay back the money.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    There are three branches of medicine. One is called "doctor medicine," or "scientific medicine." Scientific doctors try to observe sicknesses, look for logical patterns, and then find out how the human body works. From there they figure out what treatments may work. This kind of medicine is believed to date from the 4th century BC. Although nowadays it is successful, in the ancient world this approach probably did not cure many patients.
    A second kind of medicine is called "natural cures," or "folk medicine," in which less educated people try to cure sicknesses with various herbs. These folk healers also use observation and logic, but they are not so aware of it. They try things until they find something that seems to work, and then they keep doing that. Folk medicine flourished（繁荣） long before the development of scientific medicine and was more successful in ancient times than doctor medicine.
    The third kind is called "health spas," or "faith healing." Sometimes this may be as simple as touching the holy man and being immediately healed. Other times, a magician may make you a magic charm, or say a spell, to cure you. Some religious groups organize special healing shrines（圣坛） for the sick. In these places people rest, get plenty of sleep, eat healthy food, drink water instead of wine, and exercise in various ways. They also talk to the priests and pray to the gods. If you are feeling depressed or you have been working too hard, going to these places may be just the right thing to make you feel better.
    小题1:Doctor medicine __________.
    A．has a longer history than folk medicine
    B．has been practiced for around 1,600 years
    C．bases its treatments on observation and logic
    D．was very successful in curing sicknesses in ancient times
    小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is NOT used in health spas?
    A．Magic power. B．Various herbs. C．Religious faith. D．A healthy life style.
    小题3:According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
    A．Folk healers choose different herbs to cure diseases without any sound basis.
    B．People who practice folk medicine need lots of formal education on herbs.
    C．The success of folk medicine led to the development of doctor medicine.
    D．Natural cures worked better than scientific medicine in ancient times.
    小题4:The author's primary purpose in this passage is to __________.
    A．describe different types of medicine
    B．argue for the importance of medicine in health care
    C．show the crucial role religion plays in medical treatments
    D．compare the educational background of three different types of patients

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