Question

【题目】Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.

Today, Mandatory(强制的) recycling is a hard sell in the United States, where the economy runs largely along free market lines and the current landfilling waste remains inexpensive and efficient.

Plain and simple, recycling still costs more than landfilling in most places. This fact, 【1】(couple) with the disappearance of the so-called “landfill crisis” of the mid-1990s, means that recycling has not caught on, which runs 【2】 some environmentalists’ wishes.

However, many cities have found ways to recycle economically. They have cut costs by automating sorting and processing. They’ve also found profitable markets for the recyclables(可回收物) 【3】 cast-off items are acceptable or even welcome. Increased efforts by green groups 【4】(educate) the public about the benefits of recycling have also helped.

【5】 uneconomical recycling seems to some people, some cities, such as Pittsburgh, San Diego and Seattle, have made recycling mandatory. In these cities, recyclables are banned from both household and business garbage. Families 【6】 recycle all basic recyclables, such as paper, cardboard, glass and plastic. To businesses with garbage containers “polluted” with more than 10 recyclables，warnings 【7】(issue). If they fail to take action, fines are expected.

New York, a national leader on recycling, decided to stop its least cost-effective recycling programs (plastic and glass) in 2002. But rising landfill costs ate up the $39 million savings expected.

As a result, the city brought back plastic and glass recycling and committed to a 20-year contract with a recycling firm, Hugo Neu Corporation, which built the 【8】(advanced) recycling facility in the country.

The company focuses on 【9】could cut costs. Automation has streamlined the sorting process, and easy access to rail has cut both the environmental and transportation costs. The new deal and new facility have made recycling efficient for the city and its residents, 【10】(show) once and for all that responsibly-run recycling programs can actually save money, landfill space and the environment.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】coupled

【2】against

【3】where

【4】to educate

【5】No matter how

【6】must

【7】are issued

【8】most advanced

【9】what/whatever

【10】showing

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文，介绍了强制回收政策在美国的实施情况及面临的困难。

【1】考查非谓语动词。句意：这一事实，加上20世纪90年代中期所谓的垃圾填埋危机的消失，意味着回收利用还没有流行起来，这违背了一些环保主义者的愿望。be coupled with表示“与……结合、加”，此处去掉be作后置定语，故填coupled。

【2】考查固定短语。句意同上，由“ recycling has not caught on”可知，run against表示“违反、违背”符合句意，故填against。

【3】考查定语从句。句意：他们还发现了可回收利用的有利可图的市场，可以接受甚至欢迎丢弃的物品。此处为定语从句，先行词为markets，指地点，从句中缺少地点状语，故填where。

【4】考查非谓语动词。句意：环保组织加大了对公众进行回收益处教育的努力，也起到了一定作用。efforts后接不定式作后置定语， “efforts to do”表示“做……的努力”，故填to educate。

【5】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管回收在某些人看来多么不经济，一些城市，如匹兹堡，圣地亚哥和西雅图，已经强制回收。根据句意可知前后是让步关系，此处表示“不管怎么、无论怎样”，故填No matter how。

【6】考查情态动词。句意：家庭必须回收所有基本的可回收物，如纸张、纸板、玻璃和塑料。空后是动词原形，因此此处用情态动词，上文说这些城市强制回收，因此此处表示“必须”，故填must。

【7】考查时态语态。句意：对装有超过10种可回收物品的垃圾容器的企业发出警告。warnings 与issue之间是被动关系，文章的基础时态为一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，故填are issued。

【8】考查形容词最高级。句意：因此，该市恢复了塑料和玻璃的回收，并承诺与回收Hugo Neu Corporation公司签订20年的合同，该公司建造了全国最先进的回收设施。定冠词the修饰形容词最高级，故填most advanced。

【9】考查宾语从句。句意：公司专注于（任何）可以削减成本的事情。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，故填what/whatever。

【10】考查非谓语动词。句意：新政和新设施使这座城市及其居民的回收效率得到提高，表明负责任地运行回收计划实际上可以节省资金、填埋空间和环境。The new deal and new facility与show之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作状语，故填showing。