寒假学与练系列答案科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
In a natural disaster—a hurricane,flood,tornado,volcanic eruption,or other calamity—minutes and even seconds of warning can be the difference between life and death.Because of this,scientists and government officials are working to use the latest technological advances to predict when and where disasters will happen.They are also studying how best to analyze and communicate this information once it is obtained.The goal is to put technology to effective use in saving lives and property when nature unleashes its power with devastating results.
On September 29,1998,Hurricane Georges made landfall in Biloxi,Mississippi,after devastating Haiti,the Dominican Republic,Puerto Rico,and several islands of the Caribbean with torrential rains and winds up to 160 km/h （100 mph）.Few people lost their lives along the Gulf Coast of the United States,although hundreds died in the Caribbean.
This was a very different outcome from 1900,when a powerful Gulf Coast hurricane made an unexpected direct hit on Galveston,Texas,killing at least 6 000 people.Vastly improved hurricane warnings explain the different circumstances at either end of the 20th century—residents of Galveston had no advance warning that a storm was approaching,while residents of Biloxi had been warned days in advance of Georges’s approach,allowing for extensive safety precautions.
At the same time that people in Biloxi were thankful for the advance warning,some residents of New Orleans,Louisiana,120 km to the west,were less satisfied.A day before Georges made landfall,forecasters were predicting that the hurricane had a good chance of striking New Orleans.Because much of New Orleans lies below sea level,the city is at risk for flooding.In addition,because New Orleans has a large population in vulnerable locations,emergency management officials must begin evacuations well before a storm strikes.But evacuation costs money:Businesses close,tourists leave,and citizens take precautionary measures.The mayor of New Orleans estimated that his city’s preparations for Georges cost more than 50 million.After the full fury of Georges missed New Orleans,some residents questioned the value of the hurricane forecasts in the face of such high costs.
The differing views on the early warnings for Hurricane Georges illustrate some of the complexities involved in predicting disasters.Disaster prediction is more than just forecasting the future with advanced technology—it is also a process of providing scientific information to the government officials and other decision makers who must respond to those predictions.
In general,the process has three phases.First,there is the challenge of forecasting the event itself.In the case of Georges,scientists worked to predict the future direction and strength of the hurricane days in advance.
A second important challenge is communicating the forecast to decision－makers.Because forecasts are always uncertain,a central factor in disaster predictions is communicating this uncertainty.Uncertainty is usually described in terms of odds or probabilities,much like daily weather forecasts.The media plays an important role in communicating predictions and their uncertainty to the public.
The third part of the process is the use of predictive information by decision makers.Even the most accurate information is of little value if the decision maker does not use it appropriately,for example in deciding whether to order an evacuation.If there is a breakdown in any of these three phases of prediction,the result is increased danger and a higher risk of loss of life.
The underlined word“calamity”refers to ______.
A.nature B.thunderstorms C.disaster D.dangers
According the passage,the purpose of disaster prediction is to______.
A.demonstrate the power of advanced technology
B.bring out the truth between life and death
C.prevent such natural disasters from happening
D.reduce human casualties and loss of property
Which of the following areas suffered the most severe damage?
A.Biloxi,Mississippi. B.Gulf Coast of U. S.
C.Galveston,Texas. D.New Orleans.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：
Smoking is a very bad habit. First of all, Cigarettes are expensive. Smokers have to a lot of money buying them. That is a (浪费) of money. Smoking is bad for smokers’ h . It may be responsible for many d . Even worse, it is harmful to people them. It is said that smoking is one of the ways to (引起) cancer. Second, there can be fires can result in a great loss of life and property because of a smoker’s (粗心). , we are teenagers and have no income. We have no right to do that. It will be even worse if we f into bad habits.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届浙江湖州菱湖中学高三10月月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：信息匹配
A. His early career
B. His return and Apple's growth
C. His moving back and its effect
D. His memory living on forever
E. Struggling hard for his career
F. Public recognition （承认）of his work
Steve Paul Jobs was an American businessman and widely recognized as a pioneer of the personal computer revolution（革命）. He was co-founder, chairman, and CEO of Apple Company. His death is a great loss to us. The following is some more information about him.
1.
After Apple's founding, Steve Jobs became a symbol of his company and industry. At the time of his resignation, and again after his death, he was widely described as a pioneer and genius perhaps one of the foremost in the field of business, creation and product design, and a man who had changed the face of the modern world, completely changed at least six different industries. His death was considered a loss to the world by commentators(评论家) across the globe.
2.
Memorial candles and iPads to Steve Jobs lie outside the Apple Store in Palo Alto, California. Apple has lost a creative genius, and the world has lost an amazing human being. Those who have been fortunate enough to know and work with Steve Jobs have lost a dear friend and an inspiring guide. Steve jobs leaves behind a company that only he could have built, and his spirit will forever be the foundation of Apple.
3.
As is still clearly remembered, it was not long before Steve Jobs left his office as CEO of Apple. But he remained at the company as chairman of the company's board. Hours after the announcement, Apple shares dropped by five percent in after-hour trading. The relatively small drop, when considering the importance of Steve Jobs to Apple, was associated with the fact that his health had been in the news for several years, and he was on medical leave since January 2011.
4.
Steve Jobs took a job as a technician at Atari company in California in 1974. He traveled to India in the summer of 1974. Seven months later, he returned to Atari and was assigned to create a circuit board for the game Breakout. With Wozniak, the founder of Atari, Steve Jobs began attending meetings of the Homebrew Computer Club where he got to know Edwin H. Land, the inventor of instant photography and founder of Polaroid Corporation, and modeled his career after him.
5.
Apple announced that it would buy NeXT for $429 million. The deal was finally made in late 1996, bringing Steve Jobs back to the company he co-founded. In order to concentrate Apple's efforts, Steve Jobs stopped a number of projects. With the purchase of NeXT, much of the company's technology found its way into Apple products. Under his guidance the company increased sales significantly with the introduction of the iMac and other new products. Since then, appealing designs and powerful branding have worked well for Apple.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年安徽省合肥市高三第一次教学质量检测英语卷 题型：阅读理解
The amount of carbon taken in by growing plants increased from 1982 through 1999 as
temperatures rose and the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased. But a new study
in Friday ’ s edition of the journal Science found a drought - related decline in such plant growth
from 2000 to 2009，even though temperatures continued to climb.
As drought caused by warming reduces the land ’ s ability to take in carbon，the result could
be more carbon dioxide left in the atmosphere，and thus more warming，Zhao Maosheng from the
University of Montana explained in a telephone interview.
“This is a pretty serious warning that warmer temperatures are not going to endlessly improve
plant growth ’” co - author Steven Running，also from the University of Montana ’ said in a
statement. “ We see this as a bit of a surprise，and potentially significant on a policy level because
previous interpretations suggested global warming might actually help plant growth around the
world, “ he said.
Instead, he and Zhao found a small but measurable decline of about 1%，compared to a 6%
increase in the past decade.
Their study，based on the data collected by NASA satellites，found that north areas continued
to increase plant growth，thanks to warmer temperatures and a longer growing season.
Someone commented, "This past decade’ s net decline in earthly productivity suggests that a
complex relationship between temperature, rainfall, cloudiness, and carbon dioxide, probably in
combination with other factors such as nutrients (营养）and land management，will determine
future patterns and trends in productivity.，，
1.From the first paragraph, we can learn in the recent decade or so.
A. the emission(排放)of carbon hasn’ t been reduced
B. draught has been causing loss of soil and water
C. carbon dioxide levels have been rising
D. the rise of temperature doesn' t promote the plant growth
2.Zhao Maosheng really worried that__ .
E. more and more land will be abandoned
F. the climate becomes warmer and warmer
G. the emission of carbon dioxide increases
H. draught further reduces the number of the plants
3.Steven Running made his statement to__ .
I. confirm Zhao' s views on the influence of temperature rise
J. urge the government to take necessary measures
K. warn the people to strengthen the plant protection
L. support Zhao* s views on lhe plant production
4. We can infer from the passage that______ .
A. global warming will determine the future productivity
B. various factors play a key role jointly on future productivity
C. earthly productivity actually increased in the past decade
D. temperature rise has had no effect on future producticity patterns
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012届福建省第一学期高二期末英语试卷 题型：短文改错
根据上下文及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示，写出所缺单词的正确形式。（满分10分，每空1分）
Smoking is a very bad habit. First of all, Cigarettes
are expensive. Smokers have to a lot of money 1.
buying them. That is a (浪费) of money. 2.
Smoking is bad for smokers’ h . It may be 3.
responsible for many d . Even worse, it is harmful 4.
to people them. It is said that smoking is one 5.
of the ways to (引起) cancer. Second, there can be 6.
fires can result in a great loss of life 7.
and property because of a smoker’s (粗心). 8.
, we are teenagers and have no income. We have 9.
no right to do that. It will be even worse if we f into 10.
bad habits.
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