Question

1．In all fields of life，and particularly within the commercial world，when managed effectively，competition can deliver a wealth of benefits．It can provide individuals with the motivation they need to work hard and achieve objectives．It can encourage effective teamwork as managers seek to use the different strong points of team members to secure the best team performance．It can contribute to greater commitment to quality as people seek to use this as a way to beat their competitors．Healthy competition can cause the development of creativity as individuals seek out all possible ways to get ahead of the crowd．It can also help managers to identify which individual makes progress under pressure and which is better suited to less stressful roles．
However，employers can often find it difficult to agree on the type of competition they want within their organization，the targets they'll use and the measurement techniques they'll apply．For example，it's common for businesses to give different sales teams clear targets with the lure（诱惑）of the highest bonuses for the top performers．While this will usually give rise to healthy competition，it can also mean that important long-term projects get pushed to one side as the team devotes all its energy to achieving the short-term target．So it's important that the goals and objectives which are set for teams are in line with wider business requirements．Additionally，in very competitive organizations，managers should get individuals to see the bigger picture and act in the best interest of their organization as a whole，rather than to follow the very narrow targets they have set as individuals or as a team．
Thus，employers have to be careful not to let competition have a ruinous effect on morale （士气） at any level．Equally，businesses should introduce clear processes and guidelines that prevent individuals from different teams quarrelling about the allocation of sales income if parties from different teams have worked together to win a contract（合同）．Infighting such as this is always damaging．Moreover，managers must also be alert to the risk of creating conditions where bullying（欺凌） can be used．
To encourage healthy competition in an organization，you must introduce very clear policies regarding competition and ensure the information is communicated effectively．Individuals must know what behavior is acceptable within a competitive environment，and what behavior is considered not acceptable．Also，you should ensure that individuals are measured against all desirable targets but not one simple goal．Ensure that you have senior managers who are able to take a"helicopter view"and judge fairly between teams for the greater good when arguments do unavoidably arise．

Healthy competition
（71）Benefitsof healthy competition	•Competition can keep individuals （72）motivated to work hard towards goals． •With each member's （73）strengths used effectively，the team will work better and more productively as a whole． •Healthy competition can encourage everyone to work more （74）creatively． •It helps managers to learn about their employees．
Challenges in encouraging healthy competition	•●Sometimes competition makes teams （75）focus on short-term    goals instead of long-term goals． •Sometimes competition makes individuals （76）ignore the whole organization's interests and then just follow their own narrow targets．
What to avoid for healthy competition	•Avoid letting competition （77）ruin morale． •Avoid using （78）unclear processes and guidelines that can result in infighting． •Avoid creating conditions where individuals bully each other．
Tips on encouraging healthy competition	•Make policies about what can be done and what is （79）unacceptable． •Assess individuals on a comprehensive basis． •Choose senior managers who can make fair （80）judgments about arguments．

Answer 1

分析 短文主要讲了健康竞争的好处，以及在实施中遇到的挑战，并讲了如何做才能做到健康的竞争．

解答 71．Benefits，细节理解题，根据第一句话In all fields of life，and particularly within the commercial world，when managed effectively，competition can deliver a wealth of benefits 可知，无论在生活的什么方面，只要有效地进行，竞争能给人带来好处，因此此空使用benefit的复数形式．   
72．motivated，细节理解题，根据句子It can provide individuals with the motivation they need to work hard and achieve objectives． 可知，竞争能激励人朝着目标努力工作．    
73．strengths，细节理解题，根据句子It can encourage effective teamwork as managers seek to use the different strong points of team members to secure the best team performance 可知，只要管理者能充分使用每个人的长处就能使团队工作发挥到最好．    
74．creatively，细节理解题，根据句子Healthy competition can cause the development of creativity as individuals seek out all possible ways to get ahead of the crowd． 可知，健康的竞争也能使人更有创造性地工作．  
75．focus，细节理解题，根据句子While this will usually give rise to healthy competition，it can also mean that important long-term projects get pushed to one side as the team devotes all its energy to achieving the short-term target．可知，在实施健康竞争时面临的挑战会让团队注重的是短期的目标而不是长期的目标．
76．ignore，细节理解题，根据句子Additionally，in very competitive organizations，managers should get individuals to see the bigger picture and act in the best interest of their organization as a whole，rather than to follow the very narrow targets they have set as individuals or as a team 可知，实施健康竞争时面临的第二个挑战是会让个人忽视组织的利益．     
77．ruin，细节理解题，根据句子employers have to be careful not to let competition have a ruinous effect on morale （士气） at any level 可知，老板要做的就是不要让竞争毁掉团队的士气．            
78．unclear，细节理解题，根据句子Equally，businesses should introduce clear processes and guidelines可知，应使用清晰的做事方法和指导方针．       
79．unacceptable，细节理解题，根据句子Individuals must know what behavior is acceptable within a competitive environment，and what behavior is considered not acceptable 可知，要设立清晰的政策，这样个人才知道什么是不可接受的．  
80．judgments，细节理解题，根据句子Ensure that you have senior managers who are able to take a"helicopter view"and judge fairly between teams for the greater good when arguments do unavoidably arise可知，

点评 在做表格阅读时，首先需要快速的浏览全文，把握文章的主旨大意；其次要学会带着问题到文中相应的地方，通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案；最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要；做此类题时，要多注意一些关键词的提取，以及结构上的搭配．