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Easy Ways to Keep Your Brain Sharp

  Everyone is forgetful, but as we age, we start to feel like our brains are slowing down a bit-and that can be a very annoying thing.  1   Read on for some techniques worth trying.

  1.  2  

  People who regularly made plans and looked forward to upcoming events had a 50 percent reduced chance of Alzheimer's disease(老年性痴呆症), according to a recent study.  3   Something as simple as setting a goal to have a weekly coffee date with a friend will do.There's evidence that people who have a purpose in life or who are working on long or short-term goals appear to do better.In other words, keep your brain looking forward.

  2.Go for a walk.

  Mildly raised glucose(葡萄糖)levels can harm the area of the brain that helps you form memories and physical activity can help get blood glucose down to normal levels.In fact, exercise produces chemicals that are good for your brain.  4  

  3.Learn something new.

  Take a Spanish class online, join a drawing club, or learn to play cards.A study found that mental stimulation limits the weakening effects of aging on memory and the mind.But the best thing for your brain is when you learn something new and are physically active at the same time.  5   Or you can just go dancing with your friends.

A.Focus on the future.

B.This can be especially harmful to the aged.

C.It should be something like learning gardening.

D.So take a few minutes each day to do some reading.

E.But don't worry if our schedule isn't filled with life-changing events.

F.Luckily, research shows there is a lot you can do to avoid those moments.

G.In other words, when you take care of your body, you take care of your brain.

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  Many things about language are a mystery(谜), and many will always remain so.But some things we do know.

  First, we know that all human beings have a language of some sort.There is no race(种族)of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother.Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language.

  Second, there is no such thing as a primitive(原始的)language.There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized(不开化的,落后的), but the languages they speak are not primitive.In all known languages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing.

  This has not always been well understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated.Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate.Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises.Study has proved this to be nonsense(胡说,没有根据的话).There are, or were, hundreds of American Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old.They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek.

  A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfectly adequate.That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language.

  Finally, we know that language changes.It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones.This is easy to understand if we look backward in time.Change goes on in all aspects of language.Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive(广泛的)and may occur very rapidly.Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language.

(1)

In the second paragraph the author thinks that ________.

[  ]

A.

some backward race doesn’t have a language of its own

B.

some race in history didn’t possess a language of its own

C.

any human race, whether backward or not, has a language

D.

some races on earth call communicate without language

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[  ]

A.

complicated

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uncivilized

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primitive

D.

well-known

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The author has used American Indian languages as an example to show that they are ________.

[  ]

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just as old as some well-known languages

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just as sophisticated as some well-known languages

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more developed than some well-known languages

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more complex than some well-known languages

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Which of the following statements is wrong?

[  ]

A.

A language is a means of expressing a particular culture.

B.

All languages can well express their respective cultures.

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American Indian languages are as sophisticated as English.

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[  ]

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               Important Points to Remember When Swimming

·Wait at least an hour after meals.

·Follow the advice of lifeguards.

·Don’t dive into unknown waters. Always swim in line with the shore.

·Find out at the seaside when and where it is safe to swim.

·Don’t use floating toys on the water. Wind can easily sweep them out to sea.

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Arrive on time.

Introduce yourself in a polite manner.

Read company materials while you wait.

Have a firm handshake.

Listen.

Use body language to show interest.

Smile and nod to the interviewers.

Ask about the next thing you should do.

Thank the interviewer.

Write a thank-you letter to anyone you have spoken to.

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