Question

13．An apprenticeship is a form of on-the-job training that combines workplace experience and classroom learning．It can last anywhere from one to six years，but four years is typical for most．An apprentice spends most of the time in a wrkplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman-someone who has done the job for many years．The rest of the apprentice's time is spent in a classroom environment learning the theoretical（理论的）skills the career requires．Being an apprentice is a full-time undertaking．
One of the advantages of apprenticeship is that it does not cost apprentices anything．The companies that hire them pay for school．What's more，it offers apprentices an"earn while you learn"opportunity．They usually start out at half the pay of a journeyman，and the pay increases gradually as they move further along in the job and studies．Near the end of the apprenticeship，their wages are usually 90percent of what a journeyman would receive．Apprenticeship also pays off for employers．It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from
Despite the advantages，apprentices are usually required to work during the day and attend classes at night，which leaves little time for anything else．Sometimes，they might be laid off if business for the employers is slow．
Once they have completed the apprenticeship and become journeymen，they receive a nationally recognized and portable certification and their pay also increases again．Some journeymen continue employment with the companies they apprenticed with； others go onto different companies or become self-employed contractors．
54．How different is an apprentice from a journeyman？B
A．An apprentice has more theoretical skills．
B．An apprentice has less practical experience．
C．An apprentice needn't pay for school．
D．An apprentice owns a nationally recognized certification．
55．Which of the following is NOT the advantage of apprenticeship？C
A．It saves lots of money for apprentices to learn the skills．
B．It brings apprentices some earnings before they get a job．
C．It allows apprentices to earn the same wages as journeymen．
D．It helps employers take on more qualified workers．
56．What can we infer about the apprenticeship？D
A．Most apprentices feel greatly comfortable with their work and life．
B．Most journeymen tend to leave the companies they apprenticed with．
C．Apprentices can finally get a pay increase from the journeymen．
D．Some apprentices may come to the attention of employers during their apprenticeship．
57．What is the tone of the writer in this passage？C
A．Positive．
B．Negative．
C．Objective．
D．Argumentative．

Answer 1

分析 本文属于说明文阅读，作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了学徒体制的优缺点，它节省了学徒学习的技能，带来一些收益，帮助雇主雇用更多合格的工人，但是学徒期间工资较低．

解答 54．B．细节理解题．由第一段第三句"An apprentice spends most of the time in a wrkplace environment learning the practical skills of a career from a journeyman-someone who has done the job for many years"可知．C项表述虽正确，但这并非学徒和熟练工的区别；故选B．
55．C．细节理解题．由第二段倒数第三句"Near the end of the apprenticeship，their wages are usually 90percent of what a journeyman would receive"可知学徒与帮工的工资不同，故选C．
56．D．细节理解题．由第二段最后两句"Apprenticeship also pays off for employers．It can offer employers a pool of well-trained workers to draw from"可知一些雇主的注意力可能在他们的学徒；故选D．
57．C．文章属于说明文，主要介绍了学徒体制的优缺点，运用数据和举例，没有发表自己的观点，因此是客观的；故选C．

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．