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    This year the selfie earned its place as the Oxford English Dictionary’s 2013 Word Of The Year．It has taken over our culture-and our smartphones．The rise of the selfie has become universal-between presidents，celebrities(名人)and citizens alike-and the trend is only continuing to grow.

    A recent survey conducted by the Pew Internet＆American Life Project found that 54 percent of Internet have posted original photos online．And of those hundreds of millions of photos， many are of selfie photos．
    For example，currently there are nearly 62 million posted selfie
    photos on Instagram，the social media tool that has  significantly contributed to the personal photo’s popularity．That figure，which continues to rise every day, does not even begin to include the selfies shared  on Facebook and Twitter.
    What makes the selfie so attractive-and why do we feel it a must to take one? According to Dr．Pamela Rutledge，psychologist and director of the Media Psychology Research Center，the desire to take，post and get“likes” on selfies goes back to a biological behavior of all humans．
    “ I think it influences our sense of social connection in the same way as it does when you go
    to a party and people say‘Oh I love your dress，’” Rutledge told The Huffington Post.“Biological，social recognition is a real need and there is even an area of the brain that contributes to social activity．”
    There is a way to adapt to the growing selfie culture．Whether you’re a selfie novice or an advanced poster，there are always things to be mindful of when you’re posting，Rutledge advises.
    She offered two main principles to follow when it comes to posting on social media:
    1．The Grandmother Rule
    “Don't post anything online，whether text or visual，that you don't want grandmother or future
    employer to see，” Rutledge said．“Selfies especially．”
    2．The Elevator Rule
    “You wouldn’t say something in an elevator that you or no one else wants to hear—the whole
    world of social media is an elevator，” Rutledge said．“Be aware of the breadth of platform．It's easy to think you’re sharing a photo with a few people，but Instagram is public and people can come across things．”   
    小题1:What's the main idea of the first paragraph?
    A．The selfie is taking the lead．
    B．Many people are fond of smartphones．
    C．The selfie will take over everything．
    D．The selfie is an important new word．
    小题2:According to the passage，people like“selfie”so much，because they___________.
    A．need to be acknowledged in social life
    B．want to show off their new dresses
    C．desire to share good things
    D．mean to amuse the public
    小题3:The underlined word“novice”in Paragraph 6 probably means“___________”.
    A．publisherB．greenhandC．novelistD．celebrity
    小题4:When it comes to posting on social media，Rutledge advises people to___________.
    A．share photos only on Instagram
    B．talk about their photos in an elevator
    C．be cautious in posting things online
    D．follow rules set by their grandmothers

    小题1:A
    小题2:A
    小题3:B
    小题4:C

    试题分析: 近一项由美国调研机构皮尤组织的调查显示，54%的网民曾将拍好的原图直接上传，提出为什么我们喜欢自拍。
    小题1:A细节理解题。根据第一段提到This year the selfie earned its place as the Oxford English Dictionary’s 2013 Word Of The Year．It has taken over our culture-and our smartphones．The rise of the selfie has become universal-between presidents，celebrities(名人)and citizens alike-and the trend is only continuing to grow今年，“自拍”还被牛津英语字典列为“2013年度词语”。可以说，自拍已经席卷了我们的文化，以及我们的智能手机。人们对自拍的热情已经遍布各行各业，从总统、教皇、明星到普通的民众无一例外，并且有愈演愈烈的趋势，可见讲得是为什么人们喜欢自拍，所以选A项。
    小题2:A 细节理解题。根据第三段提到According to Dr．Pamela Rutledge，psychologist and director of the Media Psychology Research Center，the desire to take，post and get“likes” on selfies goes back to a biological behavior of all humans．媒体心理学研究中心主任、心理学家拉特里奇博士认为，自拍、上传、求赞的心理是我们人类所共有的一种生物学行为，所以选A项。
    小题3:B 细节理解题。根据第六段提到There is a way to adapt to the growing selfie culture．Whether you’re a selfie novice or an advanced poster，there are always things to be mindful of when you’re posting，适应日益壮大的自拍文化是有方法的。拉特里奇建议，不论你初涉自拍界还是已对自拍颇有心得，上传自拍照的时候都应该留心，所以选B项。
    小题4:C 细节推断题。根据第六段提到Whether you’re a selfie novice or an advanced poster，there are always things to be mindful of when you’re posting，Rutledge advises.拉特里奇建议，不论你初涉自拍界还是已对自拍颇有心得，上传自拍照的时候都应该留心。关于在社交媒体上上传自拍照，她提供了两大主要原则，所以一定要小心，所以选C项。
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    Vocabulary
    1.immunise             使免疫，使免除
    2.expectation of life =" life" expectancy    平均寿命
    3.versus =" against"             对顶，反对
    4.mutilate             伤害
    5.wilful             任性的，固执的
    6.benign             宽厚的，仁慈的
    7.condone             宽容
    8.desecrate          亵渎，玷污
    9.code             法规，规定，惯例
    10.stringent          严格的，紧急的，迫切的
    11.performance                   演出，成品，这里是指
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    function etc.可译成行为，
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    While repeated performance of Jingle Bells may seem like an innocent attempt to raise customers’ spirits during the nightmare of Christmas shopping, the songs also have a more delicate impact.
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    Dr. Alan Bradshaw of Royal Holloway, University of London, said, “Festive jingles are force-fed to Christmas shoppers in a bid to change their mood, influence their sense of time and what sort of products they buy. In other words, this is an attempt to control your shopping habits in a way that you might hardly be aware of.”
    “Often we are told that we have the freedom to choose where we want to shop, but during Christmas the use of music in this way is so common that our freedom to choose disappears.”
    Dr. Bradshaw and Prof Morris Holbrook of Columbia University examined the phenomenon and found that retailers often “dumb down” the music played in shops to relax customers, meaning it is easier to control their behaviour.
    It is thought that slowing down the rhythm of music in shops can trick customers into thinking less time has passed, and therefore spend more time examining the shelves, for example.
    Some providers of background music have been known to promote their services by claiming they can boost profits by controlling the behaviour of customers.
    “A common trick is to take a popular current song and record an instrumental version which can be slowed down or sped up at different time of the day to influence behaviour in different ways,” Dr Bradshaw said.
    Background music is often classed as “Muzak” in honor of the Seattle-based company which began producing its soft-sounding melodies in the 1930s.
    小题1:According to Dr. Bradshaw, in what ways does Christmas music influence customers?
    ①their mood ②their income ③their sense of time ④the sort of products they buy
    A．①②③B．①③④C．②③④D．①②④
    小题2:Shopkers slow down the rhythm of music in shops to__________.
    A．let customers spend more time shopping
    B．make customers and sales assistants relaxed
    C．let customers enjoy the beautiful music
    D．help customers find what they really want
    小题3:What kind of music is now often adapted to influence customers in shops?
    A．Classical music.B．Popular modern songs.
    C．Folk songs.D．Jazz music.

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