Envy seems to be bad-but it doesn't have to be. Researchers are finding that, if approached the right way, there can actually be an advantage.
Psychologists classify envy in two ways: negative and positive. With positive envy, you are motivated by another person's success and struggle to follow it. With negative envy, you want to cut the advantaged person down so you look better by comparison. Let's say you feel sufferings of envy after your rival(对手) at another firm gets promoted. Negative envy might drive you to destroy his success, but positive envy would inspire you to work harder and get promoted, too.
Studies show positive envy can be a great motivator(动力). In a 2011 study published in the Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, researchers in the Netherlands conducted a series of experiments with more than 200 university students. Researchers found that when they caused feelings of positive envy----as opposed to admiration or negative envy----in the students, it drove them to want to study more and perform better on a test measuring creativity and intelligence. While admiration may feel better, the researchers found, it doesn't motivate performance like the pain and frustration of envy.
“Those painful sufferings of envy are there for an evolutionary(进化的) reason,” says Texas Christian University researcher Sarah E. Hill, “warning us that someone has something of importance to us.” Building on this theory, Dr. Hill and others conducted a series of experiments, published in the Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, to test whether envy improves attention and memory----the tools needed to copy a rival's steps to success. In one experiment, half of the participants were asked to recall past feelings of envy; the other half weren't. The two groups were then shown mock(模拟的) interviews of imaginary peers. The group filled with envy paid closer attention and better recalled details about the interview subjects. In other words, envy made them more astute（机敏的）. Not only can envy motivate us to reach for higher goals, it may even give us the cognitive push to get there.
1.What’s the bad effect of negative envy?
A. It makes you lose heart and gets discouraged.
B. It has you feel motivated.
C. It makes you harm or hurt others on purpose.
D. It reminds you to struggle to follow your dreams.
2.What’s the benefit of positive envy?
A. It inspires you to find a possible rival to try to defeat them.
B. It encourages you to work harder with a positive attitude.
C. It won’t hurt your opponents in the same firm.
D. It won’t destroy your success at another firm.
3.Compared to admiration, positive envy can__________.
A. make you feel worse in all sides
B. be more likely to get you to admire others
C. make you feel the pain in your performance
D. be more likely to get you inspired to get success
4. What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Envy seems to be bad.
B. Keep your envy in secret.
C. Make full use of positive envy.
D. Forget about your envy now.
暑假作业暑假快乐练西安出版社系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年江苏泰州中学高二上第二次质检英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
阅读理解
阅读下列四篇短文，从每小题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该选项涂黑。
Metrorall (地铁)
Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under age five may travel Free with a paying customer.
Farecard machines are in every station. Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the stations and farecard machines only provide up to $5 in change.
Get one ticket of unlimited Metrorall rides with a One Day Pass .Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations .Use it after 9:30 a,m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays .
Hours of service
Open: 5am Mon-Fri 7 a.m Sat-Sun
Close: midnight Sun-Thur. 3 a.m Fri-Sat. nights
Last train times vary. To avoid missing the last train, please check the last train times posted in stations.
Metrobus
When paying with exact charge, the fare is $1.35. When paying with a SmarTrip?card, the fare is 1.25.
Fares for senior/disabled customers
Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or Smar/Trip?card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecard, SmarTrip?cards and passes, please visit MetroOpensDoors .com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.
Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorall services by calling 202-962-1100.
Travel tips (提示)
Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4and 6p.m.
If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost &Found at 202-962-1195.
1.At what time does Metroarll stop service on Saturday ?
A. At midnight. B. At 3 a.m.
C. At 5 a.m. D. At 7a.m.
2.What is good about a SmarTrip?card ?
A. It is convenient for old people.
B. It saves money for its users
C It can be bought at any train
D. It is sold on the Internet
3.Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?
A.202-962-1195 B.202-962-1100
C.202-637-7000 D.202-637-8000
4. What should you know about farecard machines?
A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.
B. They are connected(连接) to change machines.
C. They offer(提供) special service to the elderly(老人).
D. They make change for no more than(仅仅) $5.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年吉林实验中学高一上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单词拼写
1.Nelson Mandela called on the black people to fight for ________（平等的）rights.
2.The Christmas Eve is drawing near. Have you ________（装饰）your Christmas tree?
3.Several companies are________(竞争) for the contract.
4.The train must stop when the________(信号) is red.
5.Eating sweets occasionally doesn't do children any________(危害)．
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年吉林实验中学高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
I feel uncomfortable each time I remember the situation _____ Mary didn’t agree with me _______ the matter.
A. that; at B. where; over
C. which ; about D. where; to
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年吉林实验中学高二上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：单项填空
_____ to nuclear radiation, even for a short time, may produce variants (变异体) of genes in human bodies.
A. Exposed B. Being exposed
C. Having exposed D. After being exposed
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015-2016学年吉林松原油田高中高一上学期期末英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Once upon a time a teacher and his student lay down under a big tree near the big grass area．Then ________ the student asked the teacher，“Teacher，I’m puzzled．How do we ________ our soul mate(知己)?Could you please ________ me?”
________ for a few seconds，the teacher then answered，“Well，it’s a pretty hard and easy question．” The teacher ________ ，“Look that way．There is a lot of ________ ．Why don’t you walk there? But please don’t walk ________ ．On your way，try to find a blade(叶片)of beautiful grass and ________ it and then give it to me．But just one”.
The student said OK and then he walked straight ________ to the grassy field．A few minutes later，the student came back ________ ．When the teacher asked the ________ , the student said，“On my journey，I found quite a ________ beautiful blades of grass，but I ________ that I would find a better one，so I didn’t pick it． ________ I didn’t realize that I was at the ________ of the field，and I hadn’t picked any because you told me not to go back，so I didn’t go back.” Hearing this, the teacher said，“That’s ________ will happen in real life”.
What is the ________ of this story? In the story，grass is the people around you；the beautiful blade grass is the people that ________ you and the grassy field is time．In looking for your soul mate，please don’t always ________ and hope that there will be a better one．By doing that，you’ll ________ your lifetime．Remember “Time Never Goes Back．”
1.A. personally B. absolutely C. suddenly D. immediately
2.A. discover B. treat C. search D. find
3.A. ask B. help C. beg D. order
4.A. Silent B. Still C. Quiet D. Calm
5.A. repeated B. waved C. charged D. continued
6.A. grass B. earth C. field D. leaves
7.A. straight B. forwards C. backwards D. directly
8.A. observe B. pick C. arrest D. solve
9.A. up B. back C. ahead D. along
10.A. green-hand B. empty-handed C. single-hand D. second-hand
11.A. evidence B. shape C. reason D. purpose
12.A. little B. few C. much D. many
13.A. thought B. doubted C. admitted D. attached
14.A. And B. Although C. While D. But
15.A. end B. center C. bottom D. top
16.A. how B. why C. when D. what
17.A. result B. content C. limit D. message
18.A. attract B. hate C. form D. upset
19.A. forgive B. compare C. appreciate D. complain
20.A. run B. inspect C. waste D. save
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届湖北宜昌第一中学高三上12月月考英语试卷（解析版） 题型：完形填空
完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该选项标号涂黑。
I had just picked up my new car, a very beautiful automobile if you’re into cars. A few months later, I was involved in an ________ . That new and very beautiful car was destroyed.
It was clearly not my ________ . The other guy was so busy on his cell phone that he went right through a red light and knocked into the passenger side of my car. It was even ________ because my niece was asleep on the back seat and her father, my brother, was in the front passenger seat. He was not ________, to say the least.
The police arrived and began taking statements. I ________ that my speed had been up to about 55kmph. “So you were going about 50kmph…” he said.
“No, I said I was doing about 55kmph,” I said.
“Right, so you were doing about 50kmph…” again he ________ .
In a slightly ________ tone because I felt I wasn’t being heard, I said: “No! I was doing about 55kmph!”
“OK, if that’s ________ you want it,” this time the officer simply replied.
I didn’t ________ it at the time, but I was shooting myself in the foot. My insurance company paid me for the damages to my car. ________ , I totally missed the boat on the other driver’s insurance company.
The city speed limit is 50km. I ________ getting 50 percent less than I would have from the other guy’s insurance company because I had ________I was doing 55km.
It suddenly ________me that the traffic policeman had been trying to help me out. He hadn’t ________ about the 5kmph; he had known ________ about the insurance that I had not.
I thought about what had ________ over and over again. I might have carried on insisting that I told the ________ , but I could at least have said “Thank you” to him ________ acting so rudely. After all, he had been trying to help me out.
Sometimes the ________ thing to do is to let other people talk while you simply shut up and listen. Never forget --- to ________ , you have to be able to listen.
1.A. accident B. event C. incident D. exam
2.A. effort B. fault C. attempt D. intention
3.A. luckier B. angrier C. scarier D. sadder
4.A. frightened B. nervous C. happy D. worried
5.A. argued B. explained C. shouted D. introduced
6.A. reminded B. required C. resisted D. repeated
7.A. contented B. surprised C. puzzled D. annoyed
8.A. the speed B. the result C. the fact D. the way
9.A. believe B. imagine C. realize D. think
10.A. However B. Therefore C. Besides D. Furthermore
11.A. gave up B. ended up C. took up D. made up
12.A. thought B. said C. insisted D. suggested
13.A. turned B. struck C. occurred D. came
14.A. talked B. found C. minded D. noticed
15.A. something B. nothing C. anything D. everything
16.A. remained B. happened C. passed D. ended
17.A. reality B. course C. truth D. cause
18.A. more than B. instead of C. regardless of D. other than
19.A. happiest B. easiest C. worst D. hardest
20.A. hear B. learn C. say D. Think
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届湖南师大附中高三上学期月考四英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
My son Gilbert was eight years old and had been in the Cub Scouts (童子军团) only a short time. Once he was handed a sheet of paper, a block of wood and four tires and told to return home and give them all to his father. That was not an easy task for Gilbert to do. The piece of paper was a set of instructions about how to build a wooden racing car. Gilbert's father laughed when he read the instructions. The block of wood remained untouched as the weeks passed.
Finally, I stepped in to see if I could figure it all out. Having no skills, I decided it would be best if I simply read the instructions and let Gilbert do the work. And he did. Within days, his block of wood was turning into a pinewood racing car.
Then the big night came. With his pinewood racing car in his hand and pride in his heart we headed to the big race. As the race was done in elimination fashion (淘汰赛形式), you could keep racing as long as you were the winner.
Finally, it was between Gilbert and the fastest?looking car there. As the race was about to begin, Gilbert asked if they could stop for a minute, because he wanted to pray. Then the race stopped.
Gilbert prayed in earnest for a very long minute. The Master came up to Gilbert and asked the obvious question, “So you prayed to win, Gilbert？”
My young son answered, “Oh, no Sir. It wouldn't be fair to ask God to help you beat someone else. I just asked him to make it so I don't cry when I lose.”
Children seem to have wisdom far beyond us. Perhaps we spend too much of our prayer time asking God to control the race, make us the champion, or remove us from the struggle, when we should be seeking God's strength to get through what lies in our way.
1.Gilbert's father thought the task given by the Cub Scouts could________．
A. be no trouble at all
B. be too easy for Gilbert
C. be beyond Gilbert's ability
D. require no skills
2.Who finally made the pinewood racing car?
A. Gilbert. B. Gilbert's father.
C. Gilbert's mother. D. The whole family.
3.What can we learn about Gilbert?
A. He made it in the final race.
B. His performance inspired his mom.
C. He thought the Master unfair.
D. He was very afraid of losing the race.
4.The author writes this passage to tell us that ________．
A. adults should communicate more with children
B. we should have faith in our ability to win
C. victory is the power to overcome difficulties
D. friendship is more important than winning
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科目：高中英语 来源：2016届宁夏银川市高三上学期统练五英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Odland remembers like it was yesterday working in an expensive French restaurant in Denver. The ice cream he was serving fell onto the white dress of a rich and important woman.
Thirty years have passed, but Odland can not get the memory out of his mind, nor the woman’s kind reaction. She was shocked, regained calmness and, in a kind voice, told the young Odland. “It is OK. It wasn’t your fault.” When she left the restaurant, she also left the future Fortune 500 CEO with a life lesson: You can tell a lot about a person by the way he or she treats the waiter.
Odland isn’t the only CEO to have made this discovery. Instead, it seems to be one of those few laws of the land that every CEO learns on the way up. It’s hard to get a dozen CEOs to agree about anything, but most agree with the Waiter Rule. They say how others treat the CEO says nothing. But how others treat the waiter is like a window into the soul.
Watch out for anyone who pulls out the power card to say something like, “I could buy this place and fire you,” or “I know the owner and I could have you fired.” Those who say such things have shown more about their character than about their wealth and power.
The CEO who came up with it, or at least first wrote it down, is Raytheon CEO Bill Swanson. He wrote a best-selling book called Swanson’s Unwritten Rules of Management. “A person who is nice to you but rude to the waiter, or to others, is not a nice person,” Swanson says. “I will never offer a job to the person who is sweet to the boss but turns rude to someone cleaning the tables.”
1.What happened after Odland dropped the ice cream onto the woman’s dress?
A. He was fired.
B. He was blamed.
C. The woman comforted him.
D. The woman left the restaurant at once.
2.Odland learned one of his life lessons from .
A. his experience as a waiter
B. the advice given by the CEOs
C. an article in Fortune
D. an interesting best-selling book
3.According to the text, most CEOs have the same opinion about ________.
A. Fortune 500 companies B. the Management Rules
C. Swanson’s book D. the Waiter Rule
4.From the text we can learn that ________.
A. one should be nicer to important people
B. CEOs often show their power before others
C. one should respect others no matter who they are
D. CEOs often have meals in expensive restaurants
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