Question

11．Automation refers to the introduction of electronic control and automatic operation of productive machinery．It reduces the human factors，mental and physical，in production，and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers．The development of automation in American industry has been called the"Second Industrial Revolution"．
Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment，and fears of major changes in jobs．In the main，labour has taken the view that resistance to technical change is unfruitful．Eventually，the result of automation may well be an increase in employment，since it is expected that vast industries will grow up around manufacturing，maintaining，and repairing automation equipment．The interest of labour lies in bringing about the transition with a minimum of inconvenience and distress to the workers involved．Also，union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages，more leisure，and improved living standards．
To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation，unions have adopted a number of new policies．One of these is the promotion of supplementary unemployment benefit plans．It is emphasized that since the employer involved in such a plan has a direct financial interest in preventing unemployment，he will have a strong drive for planning new installations so as to cause the least possible problems in jobs and job assignments．Some unions are working for dismissal pay agreements，requiring that permanently dismissed workers be paid a sum of money based on length of service．Another approach is the idea of the"improvement factor"，which calls for wage increases based on increases in productivity．It is possible，however，that labour will rely mainly on reduction in working hours in order to gain a full share in the fruits of automation．（in no more than 8 words）
78．Automation makes it possible tomanufacture more goods with fewer workers．
79．At first，two things people worried about automation wereeffect on employment and major changes in jobs
80．According to union spokesmen，the workers benefit from automation in terms ofwages，leisure hours and living standards
81．What is the last passage mainly talking about？Union's policy concerning the protection of union members．
（Note：Answer the questions or complete the statements in No More Than Ten Words．）

Answer 1

分析 本文主要讲述由于自动化的发展，工会对于保护员工的利益制定了一些政策．

解答 78．manufacture more goods with fewer workers
79．effect on employment and major changes in jobs
80．wages，leisure hours and living standards
81．Union's policy concerning the protection of union members
78  细节题． 根据文章第一 段，and is designed to make possible the manufacture of more goods with fewer workers． 可知自动化可以让更少的人生产更多的产品，故答案为manufacture more goods with fewer workers
79  细节题． 根据文章第二 段Labour's concern over automation arises from uncertainty about the effects on employment，and fears of major changes in jobs． 可知工人担心自动化会影响就业和工作的变化，故答案为effect on employment and major changes in jobs
80  细节题． 根据文章第二 段Also，union spokesmen emphasize that the benefit of the increased production and lower costs made possible by automation should be shared by workers in the form of higher wages，more leisure，and improved living standards．可知自动化会让工人在工资，休闲和改善生活标准方面收益，故答案为wages，leisure hours and living standards
81  细节题． 根据文章最后一 段To protect the interests of their members in the era of automation，unions have adopted a number of new policies． 可知由于自动化的发展，工会对于保护员工的利益制定了一些政策．故答案为Union's policy concerning the protection of union members

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力，做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确的选择．在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实，要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断．