Question

【题目】请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。注意:每个空格只填 1 个单词。

Britain Supports E-Cigarettes, US Considers Ban

The United States and Britain have very different views on e-cigarettes.

American public health officials are warning of the dangers of vaping(吸电子烟)among young people. But, British officials consider electronic cigarettes to be a powerful tool for people trying to quit smoking.

Britain’s Royal College of Physicians tells doctors to promote e-cigarettes “as widely as possible” for patients trying to give up cigarettes. And Public Health England says vaping is much less dangerous than smoking.

In the United States, hundreds of people who vape have been sickened by a mysterious lung illness. Many of them are teenagers.

In answer, the federal government and some states have recently taken steps to ban the flavored e-cigarettes that appeal to young people.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) now recommends that people consider not using e-cigarettes.

Dr. John Britton is director of the U.K. Center for Tobacco and Alcohol Studies at the University of Nottingham. He said the U.S. reaction is “complete madness.” Dr. Britton added, “The reality with smoking is, if you tell people to stop vaping, they will go back to tobacco and tobacco kills.”

Around the world, countries have different views on vaping. More than 30 nations ban e-cigarettes completely. Many European countries, including Austria, Belgium, Germany and Italy, consider e-cigarettes the same as tobacco products and control the sales of them.

However, France, just like Britain, hardly sets limits on the sales of e-cigarettes. In those countries, e-cigarettes are sold as usual consumer products.

E-cigarettes arrived in the United States in 2007 and have been mostly unregulated. Three years ago, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) got the power to oversee their use. Black market, illegal sales of e-cigarettes have grown quickly.

The FDA’s acting commissioner, Dr. Ned Sharpless, recently testified(作证)before Congress.

Several lawmakers suggested complete removal of e-cigarettes from the market.

“We do not consider these products safe, we think they have harm,” Dr. Sharpless said. “We do not think really anyone should be using them other than people using them in place of smoking regular tobacco cigarettes. “

How do e-cigarettes work? The vaping devices usually heat a solution(溶液)containing nicotine into a vapor, which is inhaled. The amount of nicotine differs widely. Some countries restrict the amount. There is no limit in the United States. But the widespread use of vaping devices among young people brought warnings from health officials. They said nicotine harms a teenager’s still-developing brain.

“What’s right for England might not be right for the U.S.,” said Ryan Kennedy. He is with the Institute for Global Tobacco Control at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health.

The CDC said that the mysterious lung illness appears to be in connection with THC vaping products. THC is a chemical compound that gives marijuana its high.

The agency said many of the 800 people who got sick reported vaping THC. It said it still needed more information to know whether a single product, substance or brand is responsible. Some researchers have blamed an ingredient used in vaping oils, especially in black market products.

Britain Supports E-Cigarettes, US Considers Ban
Different 【1】. Towards e-cigarettes	The USA	★Warnings are given out that vaping damages health. ★A ban on flavored e-cigarettes is 【2】.way. ★People are advised by CDC to 【3】 vaping.
	Britain	★E-cigarettes are considered as helpful for smokers to quit. ★Vaping puts people at less 【4】 than smoking. ★The medical administration promotes the prescription of vaping for patients trying to quit smoking.
	Elsewhere	★Over 30 nations ban e-cigarettes completely. ★Many European countries try to keep e-cigarettes in 【5】. ★The sales of e-cigarettes face 【6】 rules in Britain as well as in France.
Reasons for the differences	★In the USA, a mysterious lung illness, suspected to be 【7】 to THC vaping products, has spread among vapers including a lot of teenagers. ★It is believed in Britain, which thinks the USA overreacts, that people will 【8】 to deadly tobacco if vaping is banned.
Other facts about e-cigarettes	★Black market has expanded quickly due to lack of proper regulations. ★FDA recently testified( 作 证 )before Congress, of which several lawmakers suggested that e-cigarettes should be 【9】 removed from the market. ★The amount of nicotine 【10】 in the solution( 溶 液 )of vaping devices differs widely. Anyway, it harms a teenager’s still-developing brain.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】attitudes

【2】under

【3】avoid/stop

【4】risk

【5】control/check

【6】few/fewer

【7】linked/related

【8】return

【9】completely

【10】contained

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章说明了美国和英国对电子烟采取截然不同的态度。

【1】考查名词。根据文中第一段中的The United States and Britain have very different views on e-cigarettes（美国和英国对电子烟有不同的观点。）可知，本文探讨对电子烟不同的态度。不同的观点view 后接介词 on ，而题目中介词是towards, 所以应使用 attitudes“态度”。故填attitudes。

【2】考查介词。根据文中第五段have recently taken steps to ban the flavored e-cigarettes可知，已经采取措施来禁止有味道的电子烟了，说明这个禁令在实施中。“under way”意为“在实施中，在进行中”，故填under。

【3】考查实义动词。根据文中第六段recommends that people consider not using e-cigarettes（建议人们考虑不使用电子烟）可知，建议人们避免吸电子烟，根据句子意思和动词后接-ing的形式，可知只能是avoid 或者stop 表示避免或者停止。故填avoid/stop。

【4】考查名词。根据文中第三段vaping is much less dangerous than smoking可知吸电子烟比吸烟威胁要少。dangerous 可转换成at risk。故填risk。

【5】考查介词短语。根据文中第八段Many European countries, including Austria, Belgium, Germany and Italy, consider e-cigarettes the same as tobacco products and control the sales of them.可知，许多欧洲国家把电子烟和烟土产品一样看待，并且控制销售。题目中转换成许多欧洲国家尽力使电子烟在控制之下，固定搭配 keep… in control/ check“使……在控制之下”，故填control/check。

【6】考查形容词或形容词比较级。根据第九段However, France, just like Britain, hardly sets limits on the sales of e-cigarettes. In those countries, e-cigarettes are sold as usual consumer products（然而，在法国，就像在英国一样，对电子烟的销售几乎没有限制。在这些国家，电子烟和其它消费品一样正常销售）可知，和其他产品一样销售，说明他们面临的法规比较少，几乎很少受到限制，所以填few 或者fewer。

【7】考查实义动词。根据第15段中的The CDC said that the mysterious lung illness appears to be in connection with THC vaping products可知，CDC认为，这种捉摸不透的肺部疾病似乎与吸电子烟的产物——四氢大麻酚（THC）有关。其中的 in connection with“与……有关”可转换成be linked/ related to，故填linked/related。

【8】考查动词短语。根据文中第七段“The reality with smoking is, if you tell people to stop vaping, they will go back to tobacco and tobacco kills可知，事实是，如果你告诉人们不要吸电子烟，那么他们就会重拾真烟，而真烟会致死。其中 go back to“回到”可转换成return to，故填return。

【9】考查副词。根据文中第11段Several lawmakers suggested complete removal of e-cigarettes from the market可知，几个法律制定者建议完全从市场上移除电子烟。其中complete修饰名词removal, 题目中是修饰动词remove，所以用副词修饰。故填completely。

【10】考查实义动词。根据文中13段中The vaping devices usually heat a solution containing nicotine into a vapor（电子烟常常将含有尼古丁的液体加热成为气体）可知，溶液中含有尼古丁。其中 containing nicotine 中，使用现在分词修饰前面的溶液，转换成尼古丁被含在溶液中，就需要用过去分词作后置定语修饰前面的nicotine，故填contained。