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    15．When an ant dies，other ants take it out of the nest，often within an hour after its death．This behavior interests scientists and they wonder how ants know for sure-and so soon-that another ant is dead．
    One scientist recently came up with a way to explain this ant behaviour．Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist，a scientist who studies animals and plants．He found that ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants，"I'm dead-take me away"when it is dead．
    But there's a question to answer：As we know，if an ant is dead，it stops moving．But when an ant is sleeping or knocked unconscious，it is also not moving．However，other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest．How do they know this ant is not dead？Choe found that ants have another chemical on their bodies，which tells nearby ants something like，"Wait-I'm not dead yet"when it is not dead．Choe suspects that when an ant dies，the chemical that says，"Wait I'm not dead yet"quickly goes away．When other ants detect the"dead"chemical without the"not dead yet"chemical，they move away the body．
    To test his theory，Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants．When the scientists used the"I'm dead"chemical，other ants quickly moved the treated ant away．When the scientists used the"Wait-I'm not dead yet"chemical，other ants left the treated ant alone．Choe believes this behavior shows that the"not dead yet"chemical overrides the"dead"chemical when picked up by other ants．And that when an ant dies，the"not dead yet"chemical fades away．Other nearby ants then detect the remaining"dead"chemical and remove the body from the nest．
     Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems．
    57．What is the function of the first paragraph？C
    A．Leading the following paragraphs．
    B．Showing the main idea of the passage．
    C．Introducing the background of the passage．
    D．Giving a summary of the passage．
    58．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word"overrides"in the fourth paragraph？B
    A．is weaker than        B．is stronger than    C．is better than    D．is worse than
    59．What can we learn from the passage？B
    A．Living ants can also be taken away when they are not moving．
    B．When an ant dies，it can tell others using a certain chemical．
    C．A living ant can pretend to be dead using a special chemical．
    D．Ants often use chemicals to communicate with each other．
    60．Which of the following descriptions about Dong-Hwan Choe is right？C
    A．Choe did this study in order to stop ants from invading new places．
    B．Choe is a biologist who is only interested in animals，especially in ants．
    C．Choe first came up with an idea to explain this ant behavior，and then did some tests to prove his theory．
    D．Choe did the research on this ant behavior on his own．

    分析 本文讲述了生物学家发现蚂蚁身体外部有一种化学物质能向其它蚂蚁发送信号，告诉它们自己已经死了．

    解答 57．C  推断题  第一段介绍了蚂蚁能够识别死去的同类的背景，接着文章介绍了科学家对这个问题的推理和实验，所以第一段的作用是背景介绍．文章后面并非围绕第一段展开的，因此第一段的作用不是统领全文，所以A项错误．文章的主要观点在第二段被提出，所以B项错误．第一段中没有总结性的语句，所以D项错误．故正确答案为C．
    58．B 词义猜测题 由上文可知，当科学家在蚂蚁身上使用代表"等等，我还没死"的化学物质时，其它蚂蚁没有把它搬走，这表示其它蚂蚁认为这些蚂蚁还没死．所以，科学家认为这种化学物质的效果比代表"死了"的化学物质效果强时，蚂蚁就认为同类没有死．override 意义大致与"在数量或程度上超过，强于"接近．故正确答案为B．
    59．B 推断题  根据第二段第三句 …ants have a chemical on the outside of their bodies that signals to other ants，"I'm dead-take me away"when it is dead．可知B项正确；A项，根据第三段第三句 However，other ants don't move the living ant out of the nest．可知A项错误；C项，文中提到科学家为了试验，将特定的化学物质用到 the treated ant 身上，没有提及蚂蚁自己会假装死亡，所以C项错误；D项，文中没有提及．
    故正确答案为B．
    60．C 细节题  Choe 先提出自己的假设，然后通过实验验证他的假设，所以C项正确．A项，Choe 做实验并非为了 stop ants from invading new places，虽然文章最后一段提到了"Understanding this behavior can help scientists figure out how to stop ants from invading new places and causing problems．"但是这是实验的意义而非目的，属于偷换概念，故A项错误．B项，由第二段第二句"Dong-Hwan Choe is a biologist，a scientist who studies animals and plants．"可知B项错误．D项，由第四段第一句中的"Choe and his team put different chemicals on ants．"可知D项错误．故正确答案为C．

    点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．

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    You can exercise control over your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for whatever happens in your life．Failures think that everything happens by accident while successful people realize that they are responsible．
    Everything happens as a result of something．If we can identify the cause，we can control the effect．We are responsible for what we consciously choose to accept and believe．
    Thoughts and beliefs cause everything．Our attitudes and actions are a result of habits existing in us over a period of time．One generally rises to the level that one expects．We are responsible for setting our expectations．Our success depends upon our level of confidence．We are responsible for either forming good habits or kicking bad habits．
    If you associate with positive-thinking people，you are definitely going to achieve success．On the contrary，the opposite happens．We are responsible for finding，planting，and nurturing（培育）the seeds that contain future victory，born from setbacks．
    In short，in all areas of your life，whether they are financial，physical，emotional，or spiritual，you are responsible．Once you recognize this，accept it，and firmly believe it，you are on the road to success．

    59．People with low self-esteem are compared to leaves because theyD．
    A．are ready to change their minds
    B．are easily affected by windy weather
    C．don't have the power to face their fate
    D．can't exercise control over themselves
    60．It can be inferred from Paragraph 5thatA
    A．whether we will succeed depends on our attitudes
    B．developing confidence is the key to future success
    C．thoughts and beliefs are the result of creative mind
    D．setting our expectations is essential before taking action
    61．The last paragraph serves asB．
    A．the proof of the author's points
    B．the conclusion of the argument
    C．an introduction to another topic
    D．a comparison between two views
    62．Which is the best title for the text？A
    A．Success is a choice
    B．The secrets of success
    C．Develop our confidence
    D．How to achieve success．

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：填空题

    5．Shescanned（浏览，扫描）the computer screen carefully hoping to find some new emails in her mailbox．

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