Roman Pantheon （万神殿） is one of the greatest achievements of the ancient Romans. The ancient Romans were good architects and they built many wonderful buildings. Another good example of a Roman architectural style is the Roman Coliseum, which is a large building used for public sports events or entertainment. The Roman architectural style has been borrowed by many of the western countries.
The architecture of Pantheon is unique to Rome. In Latin and Greek, pantheon means "Temple of all the Gods". Marcus Agrippa built the original Pantheon in 27 BC. But the Pantheon built by Agrippa was completely destroyed in 80 AD when a fire broke out. The Roman Pantheon that is visited by many tourists today was rebuilt in 125 AD by the Roman emperor Hadrian. Hadrian's architects followed the exact design of Marcus Agrippa. Historians believe that the Pantheon was a place of worship(崇拜) because it housed all the gods and goddesses of the ancient Romans.
The Pantheon of Rome is an amazing example of ancient Roman architecture. This building has been in use for over 2000 years. The Roman Pantheon is famous for its design, size. The most unbelievable feature of this building is its huge concrete dome(圆顶). The Pantheon’s dome was thought to be the largest, until recent times.
Phocas, the Byzantine Emperor presented the Roman Pantheon to Pope Boniface IV to save it from the destruction. In 609 AD, it was turned into a church. During Papal rule, it was used as a burial ground (坟场) for kings and other famous people. There are tombs of Raphael (a painter), King Victor Emmanuel II, King Umberto I and many more in the Pantheon.
Some of the buildings that were constructed on the model of the Roman Pantheon are The Rotunda - University of Virginia, Low Memorial Library - Columbia University, Grand Auditorium - Tsinghua University, Jefferson Memorial - Washington D.C. and Duomo - Florence.
【小题1】From the first paragraph, we can learn that _______.
| A．the Coliseum was often used for big parties |
| B．there were different architectural styles in Rome |
| C．the Roman architectural style was borrowed from many western countries |
| D．the Pantheon and the Coliseum are examples of Roman architecture |
| A．exhibit the terrific design of Marcus Agrippa |
| B．suggest the power of Emperor Hadrian |
| C．provide a place for Roman gods and goddess |
| D．show ancient Rome’s unique architectural style |
| A．27BC | B．80AD | C．about 125AD | D．609 AD |
| A．strange shape | B．huge dome | C．perfect quality | D．beautiful |
| A．some facts about the Roman Pantheon |
| B．the influence of ancient Roman architecture |
| C．Roman’s lifestyle in ancient times |
| D．ancient Romans and their architecture |
【小题1】D
【小题2】C
【小题3】C
【小题4】B
【小题5】A
解析试题分析：这篇文章讲述了古罗马人的最伟大的建筑之一——万神殿。
【小题1】细节题，根据文章第一段Roman Pantheon （万神殿） is one of the greatest achievements of the ancient Romans.及Another good example of a Roman architectural style is the Roman Coliseum,可知，万神殿和竞技场是罗马建筑的两个典型。故选D
【小题2】细节题。从文章Historians believe that the Pantheon was a place of worship(崇拜) because it housed all the gods and goddesses of the ancient Romans.可知万神殿是为古罗马时期的上帝和女神修建的，故选C
【小题3】细节题。从文章The Roman Pantheon that is visited by many tourists today was rebuilt in 125 AD by the Roman emperor Hadrian.可知现在游客们参观的万神殿是修建于公元125年，故选C
【小题4】细节题。从文章The most unbelievable feature of this building is its huge concrete dome(圆顶).可知，万神殿最负盛名的是他的巨大的圆顶，故选B
【小题5】主旨题。文章主要讲述了古罗马人的最伟大的建筑之一——万神殿的一些情况，故选A
考点：社会历史类记叙文
点评：总体来说文章的题目设置不难，围绕着万神殿的历史来展开讲述。解答此类文章需要将题目中关键词和文章中进行对照，找准地方，对于第一遍做不出的题目不要急于作答，将后续题目答完后再仔细作答。
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
A
If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secret. Ciphers (密码) are another. In a code each word is written as a secret code word or code number. In a cipher each letter is changed.
Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the world. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2, 000 years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During the American Revolution, George Washington's spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military action. In World War Ⅱ, the Americans "broke", or figured out, Japan's most important naval codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet(舰队).
Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock. Businessmen use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.
In the 16th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(占星家), mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis cipher. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis over a clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filled the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friend received it, he put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.
What does the underlined word "trellis"mean?
A. A piece of paper with many small holes. B. A machine with a lot of small holes.
C. A letter with unreadable words and sentences.
D. A sheet of paper with groups of Arabic figures.
Which of the following statements is true?
A. Ciphers can be broken or figured out more easily than codes.
B. You could read some words in Geronimo' s letter without his trellis.
C. The first person who ever used a cipher in history was Julius Caesar.
D. Fondness of using codes was the hobby of the scientists in the 16th century.
The best title of this passage is________.
A. Codes and Ciphers B. Differences between Codes and Ciphers
C. History of Codes and Ciphers D. Inventors of Codes and Ciphers
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
任务型阅读（满分10分）
请认真阅读下面短文，并根据所读内容在文章后图表中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。
注意：每空只填一个单词。
“Happy New Year!” Everyone will greet each other with these words as they meet each other on New Year’s Day. But it wasn’t always January 1 that marked the New Year.
At least 4,000 years ago, the ancient Egyptians and Babylonians marked the changing of the year. In Egypt, the year started when the Nile River flooded, enriching farmers’ fields. This happened at the end of September.
The Babylonians held a festival in the spring, on March 23, to kick off the next farming cycle. The Babylonian celebration lasted for 11 days.
The date January 1 was picked by the Roman Emperor Julius Caesar as the change of the year when he established his own calendar in 46 BC. The month of January originates from the Roman god, Janus. He is pictured with two heads. One head looks forward and the other back. They represent a break between the old and new. The new calendar was in time with the sun and it has been used until the present day.
In Vietnam, the New Year holiday happens in February. They buy fresh flowers and a peach blossom to put in their house, following the Vietnamese custom.
Thailand has its specific New Year’s date; it’s different from the normal calendar. The Thai New Year is celebrated on April 13. On this day, Thai people play with water, throwing it on each other. It is intended to bring good luck during the New Year ahead.
In China, the more favorable New Year is usually celebrated in February according to lunar calendar (阴历). On New Year’s Eve, all family members sit together at table, enjoying lots of auspicious foods such as dumplings, chicken to bring good luck.
Title: New Year traditions all around the world
| Countries | ___________ | Origins（起源）or activities | Meanings or reasons |
| Egypt | the end of September | the Nile River flood | make fields _____________ |
| Babylon | March 23 | holding a ___________ | kick off the next farming cycle |
| Rome | January 1 | Roman god, Janus | _________ a break |
| __________ | April 13 | ____________ water onto each other’s body | bring good luck |
| Vietnam | ___________ | buying fresh flowers and a peach blossom | ____________the custom |
| China | February | ____________ auspicious foods | bring good luck and ___________ to everyone |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
It’s summer movie time again. And heroes are ready to try their strength and magic on the silver screen. Check out our list of four films that look most promising to young audiences.
| Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Release Date: June 4 Story: It’s the summer before Harry Potter’s third year at Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. A shadow is hanging over Hogwarts. A dangerous murderer, Sirius Black, has escaped the Wizards’ Prison. And he broke out to fulfill one task to kill Harry Potter. |
| Around the World in 80 Days Release Date: June 16 Story: This version of the classic novel set in 1872 focuses on Passepartout (Hong Kong actor Jackie Chan), a Chinese thief who seeks refuge with a strange London adventurer, Phileas Fogg. Passepartout uses his martial arts skills to defend Fogg from danger as he travels around the world in 80 days to win a bet. |
| Spider-Man 2 Release Date: June 30 Story: Peter Parker is still coming to terms with his dual identity as the crime superhero Spider-Man. He wants to reveal his secret identity to Mary Jane, meanwhile, his Aunt May has fallen on hard times. A new villain①, Dr Otto Octavius, has appeared to cause more troubles. |
| King Arthur Release Date: July 7, Story: King Arthur is presented as a clever ruler who manages to unite all the knights② in Britain after the fall of the Roman Empire. Under the guidance of Merlin and the beautiful, brave Guinevere, Arthur will struggle to realize his dreams. |
Notes:
① villain n. 坏人
② knight n. 骑士，武士
According to the passage, if you want to see a film whose leading actor is Jackie Chan, you will see the film on ______.
A. June 4 B. June 16 C. June 30 D. July 7
In Spider-Man 2, Aunt May’s trouble is caused by ______.
A. Peter Parker B. Mary Jane C. Dr Otto Octavius D. Spider- Man
Which of the following films is set in ancient Britain?
A. Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
B. Around the World in 80 Days
C. Spider-Man 2
D. King Arthur
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Audrey Hepburn (奥黛丽·赫本) was born on May 4, 1929 in Brussels, Belgium. She really was blue-blood from the beginning with her father, a wealthy English banker, and her mother, a Dutch noblewoman. After her parents divorced, Audrey went to London with her mother where she went to a private girl school. Later, when her mother moved back to the Holland, she attended private schools as well. While taking a vacation with her mother in Arnhem, Holland, Hitler’s army took over the town. It was here that she fell on hard times during the Nazi occupation. Audrey suffered from depression and poor nutrition.
After the liberation, Audrey went to a ballet school in London on a scholarship and later began a modeling career. As a model, she was graceful and, it seemed, she had found her job suitable for her in life - until the film producers came calling. After being spotted modeling by a producer, she was signed to a bit part in the European film Nederlands in 7 lessen in 1948. Later, she had a speaking role in the 1951 film, Young Wives’ Tale (1951) as Eve Lester. The part still wasn’t much, so she headed to America to try her luck there. Audrey gained immediate prominence in the US with her role in Roman Holiday in 1953. This film turned out to be a splendid success as she won an Oscar as Best Actress. This gained her enormous popularity and more plum roles. One of the reasons for her popularity was the fact that she was self-like, unlike the sex-goddesses of the time. Roman Holiday was followed by another similarly wonderful performance in the 1957 classic Funny Face.In 1988, Audrey became a special ambassador to the United Nations fund helping children in Latin America and Africa, a position she retained until 1993.Her elegance and style will always be remembered in film history as evidenced by her being named in Empire magazine’s "The Top 100 Movie Stars of All Time."
The underlined words “fell on hard times” in the second paragraph refer to______
A. the producers always let her act a lit role in a film.
B. parents’ being divorced brought her serious pain
C. depression and no nutrition brought her serious pain
D. no good jobs were suitable to her
Audrey went to America to look for a new chance because_______
A. in the European films there were only little roles for her to act
B. in the Americana there were many important film roles waiting for her to act
C. in the American there were many different jobs suitable to her
D. in the European films there were all roles she didn’t like
Which one of the following films made Audrey win an Oscar Best Actress Award?_______
A. Nederlands in 7 lessen B. Young Wives’ Tale as Eve Lester
C. Roman Holiday D. the 1957 classic Funny Face
This passage mainly tells us about______
A. Audrey’s struggle in the film fields and public admiration
B. Audrey’s family and her career
C. Audrey’s childhood and her films won great awards
D. Audrey’s hard times and her achievement
What can we learn from the passage?
A. Audrey Hepburn was born into a poor family.
B. In 1957, Audrey Hepburn won another success in Funny Face.
C. Audrey Hepburn received many parts shortly after being spotted modeling by the producer.
D. In 1993 Audrey became a special ambassador to the United Nations fund helping children in Latin America and Africa.
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Have you ever heard the saying “All roads lead to Rome”? At one time, this was pretty much true. During the Roman Empire, lots of roads were built in order to move armies, send messages by courier (信使), and make trade easier. This construction work went on for five centuries! If all the roads built during the Roman Empire were put together end to end, they would circle the equator twice.
The network of Roman roads was begun in 312 BC. It was demanded that the roads be built strong so that they would not fall down. Roman soldiers, supervised (监督) by engineers, laid down the roads in a special pattern of layers. The first layer was made of sand. Next, the builders added rocks and rubble. On top of these materials came gravel. On this solid foundation, the road builders placed paving stones.
Also, Roman roads were cambered. This means that they were built higher in the middle than on the edges, allowing rainwater to run off, which prevented flooding. We use the same technique in building roads today. The Romans also laid out roads over hills when necessary, setting them down in a zigzag pattern to make the road rise gradually.
All Roman roads had milestones (里程碑), placed every thousands paces (a Roman mile). The milestones told when the road was built, who was emperor at the time, the road’s destination, how far the traveler was from the destination, and how many miles had been traveled since the beginning of the road. This information was a great help to travelers.
Because of their excellence in construction, it really is no surprise that many parts of Roman road still exist today. These roadways are one of the most impressive accomplishments of the Roman Empire.
42. What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph mean?
A. The Roman Empire was very powerful.
B. Lots of roads were built during the Roman Empire.
C. The roads built during the Roman Empire were very long.
D. The roads built during the Roman Empire were very convenient.
43. Which of the following correctly shows the structure of the Roman roads?
A. B.
C. D.
44. The following description about Roman roads is true EXCEPT _____.
A. Roman roads were built by the Roman soldiers directed by the engineers
B. Roman roads could prevent flooding using the technique abandoned today
C. Roman roads had milestones that were placed every other Roman mile
D. Roman roads still exist today as an impressive achievement of Roman Empire
45. What information can you find on the milestones?
A. The builders of the road. B. The materials used in building roads.
C. The distance from one city. D. The time spent in building roads.
46. The passage mainly ______.
A. explains the saying “All roads lead to Rome”
B. praises ancient Romans for their great achievements
C. shows how great the Roman Empire was
D. introduces the construction of the Roman roads
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