Question

6．Contrary to most people's idea，the air in Coastal cities can be far from fresh and healthful，said a report recently published．
University of California Professor Mark Thiemens led the research team．His team．report blames ships that release dirty smoke by burning low-cost，high-sulfur （硫横）fuel．They directly measured smoke released from a ship．They also tested air at the end of the Scripps Pier （码头）．The area is just north of San Diego，which is both a major city and port．The Scripps Pier is also close to waters with heavy shipping traffic and the city of Los Angeles．Los Angeles has the third largest port in the world．
Primary sulfate （硫酸盐）is produced when a ship burns fuel called bunker oil．Bunker oil contains a Large amount of sulfur．Most sulfur released by ships burning bunker oil is a gaseous pollutant-sulfur dioxide．After a time，sulfur dioxide becomes sulfate in the atmosphere．The researchers say this primary sulfate may be  only a small part of what ships produce．
Professor Thiemens said no one had really expected that ships would be responsible for so many，particulates （微粒）．He said the extremely small particles （撤 粒）are especially threatening．They measure only one and one half microns in size．，A micron is one millionth of a meter．
The researchers say the particulates can travel long distances because they stay in the atmosphere longer than other pollutants．Professor Thiemens noted that the air of Los Angeles influenced air quality in San Die-go．That distance is almost 180 kilometers．，
Primary sulfur particulates can also threaten human health．When people breathe，the particulates stay in their lungs．Other scientists have said that up to 60，000 people around the world die each year from dirty ship smoke．
Other gaseous pollutants from ships include nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide．Earlier this year，a United Nations'report said gases from ships produce more than one billion tons of carbon dioxide every year．Ships are not governed under the Kyoto Protocol，the agreement that establishes limits for gases linked to climate change．But international rules requiring ship fuels that burn cleanly are to become effective in 2015．
57．What is the main idea of the passage？B
A．Coastal cities are ideal places to live in．
B．The air quality in coastal cities is worrying．
C．Cleaner-burning fuels are welcome in ships．
D．The world's oceans'ecosystem is far from satisfactory．
58．It is generally thought thatA
A．the air in coastal cities'is very fresh and healthful
B．the air in coastal cities is badly polluted
C．ships are responsible for so many particulates
D．extremely small particles are harmless
59．Gaseous pollutants from ships mentioned in the passage includeC
A．sulfate，nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide
B．carbon dioxide and small particles
C．sulfur dioxide，nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide
D．sulfate and micron
60．We can draw the conclusion thatD
A．the Kyoto Protocol is an agreement related to sea fish hunting
B．bunker oil has already been banned in passenger ships
C．urgent action should be taken to reduce the number of ships
D．cleaner-burning fuels should be encouraged to be used in tankers and passenger ships．

Answer 1

分析 文章讲述了沿海城市因为船只排放的烟雾中有污染物而让空气受到了污染．与人们的传统看法不同，沿海城市的空气并不干净，里面含有大量对人体有害的物质，研究发现，船只使用的价格低廉的燃料含有很多的硫磺成分．要解决这个问题，船只一定要使用清洁燃料．

解答 答案：57．B 主旨大意题．文章开头说Contrary to most people's idea，the air in Coastal cities can be far from fresh and healthful与人们的传统看法相反，沿海城市的空气并不干净，而且还对人体有害．故选B．
58．A 细节理解题．文章开头说Contrary to most people's idea，the air in Coastal cities can be far from fresh and healthful人们总认为沿海城市的空气干净健康，已经发现并非如此．故选A．
59．C 细节理解题．文章中提到的污染物有sulfur dioxide，nitrogen oxide and carbon dioxide．故选C．
60．D 推理判断题．文章最后一段说But international rules requiring ship fuels that burn cleanly are to become effective in 2015要求船只使用清洁燃料的国际规则会在2015年生效．故选D．

点评 阅读理解是考查语篇理解能力．常考的题型有：推理判断题；主旨大意题；细节理解题；猜测词意题．近几年又出现了两种新的考查方式：写作态度判断题和文章结构题．解题时，在读懂文章的基础上，还有特别注意掌握题型的特征，尤其是细节题和推断题不可混淆：细节题是文章信息的再现；推断题是文章信息的提取．本题是广告类文章，考查主要是以细节题为主，细节题要注意常用的出题陷阱有：夸大，缩小，张冠李戴，偷梁换柱，无中生有等，做题时要看清看准．