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【题目】阅读下面材料,在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Researchers Are Racing to Make a Coronavirus Vaccine. Will It Help?

In the early days of January, as cases of a strange, pneumonia-like illness 1 (report) in China, researchers at the National Institutes of Health readied themselves to hunt 2 a vaccine to prevent the new disease.

Scientists in Australia are also working on vaccine candidates 3 (stop) the spread of the disease. Historically, vaccines have been one of the greatest public health 4(tool) to prevent disease. But even as new technology, advancements in genomics(基因组学) and improved global coordination have allowed researchers to move at unprecedented speed, vaccine 5(develop) remains an expensive and risky process. That’s 6 the vaccines must undergo extensive testing in animals and humans. In the best case, it takes at least a year — and most likely 7(long) — for any vaccine to become available to the public.

With each new outbreak, scientists 8 (typical) have to start from scratch. After the SARS outbreak in 2003, 9 took researchers about 20 months from the release of the viral genome(基因组) to get a vaccine ready for human trials. By the time an epidemic 10 (cause) by the Zika virus occurred in 2015, researchers brought the timeline down to six months. Now, they hope the joint efforts will cut that time in half.

【答案】

1were reported

2for

3to stop

4tools

5development

6because

7longer

8typically

9it

10caused

【解析】

这是一篇说明文。文章叙述的是研究人员对冠状病毒疫苗的研究。

1考查一般过去时态的被动语态。句意:今年1月初,随着中国出现类似肺炎的奇怪病例,美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的研究人员准备寻找预防这种新疾病的疫苗。此处as引导的时间状语从句的主语cases是复数形式,和report之间是一种被动关系,再根据In the early days of January可知,这里用一般过去时态的被动语态,故填were reported

2考查固定词组。句意:今年1月初,随着中国出现类似肺炎的奇怪病例,美国国立卫生研究院(National Institutes of Health)的研究人员准备寻找预防这种新疾病的疫苗。固定词组:hunt for“寻求。故填for

3考查动词不定式作目的状语。句意:澳大利亚的科学家也在研究候选疫苗,以阻止疾病的传播。此处是动词不定式作目的状语。故填to stop

4考查名词复数。句意:从历史上看,疫苗一直是预防疾病的最伟大的公共卫生工具之一。根据one of+名词复数,所以此处tool用名词复数,故填tools

5考查名词。句意:但是,尽管新技术、基因组学的进步和全球协作的改善使研究人员得以以前所未有的速度前进,疫苗开发仍然是一个昂贵和危险的过程。此处vaccine是形容词,意思是疫苗的,修饰名词,且句子缺少主语,所给词develop是动词,其名词形式是development。故填development

6考查表语从句。句意:这是因为疫苗必须在动物和人类身上进行广泛的测试。此处是be动词后面用because引导表语从句。故填because

7考查比较级。句意:在最好的情况下,任何疫苗都需要至少一年的时间——很可能更长——才能向公众提供。此处表示很可能更长,所以用形容词比较级,故填longer

8考查副词。句意:每次爆发疫情,科学家通常都要从头开始。此处是副词修饰谓语动词,所给词typical是形容词,意思是典型的,特有的,其副词是typically。故填typically

9考查it用法。句意:在2003年非典爆发后,研究人员花了大约20个月的时间才从病毒基因组的释放中获得了用于人体试验的疫苗。固定句型:It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间。此处是it作形式主语,动词不定式是真正的主语。故填it

10考查过去分词作后置定语。句意:到2015年寨卡病毒爆发时,研究人员将时间缩短到了6个月。此处epidemiccause之间是一种被动关系,是过去分词作后置定语,故填caused

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