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Are you a social butterfly, or do you prefer being at the edge of a group of friends? Either way, your genes and evolution may play a major  1  , US researchers reported on Monday.

While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain  2  some people have many friends and others have  3  , the researchers said, their findings go just a little farther than that.

"Some of the things we find are  4    uncommon," said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped   5  the study.

"We find that how interconnected your friends are   6   on your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don't  7  each other.  8     Dick and Harry know each other depends on Tom's  9    ," Christakis said in a telephone interview.

Christakis and colleague James Fowler of the University of California San Diego are  10     known for their studies that show obesity, smoking and happiness spread in networks.

For this study, they and Christopher Dawes of UCSD used national data that   11   more than 1,000 identical(同卵的) and fraternal(异卵的) twins’ genes. Because  12  share an environment, these studies are good for showing the impact that genes have  13  various things, because identical twins  14  all their genes while fraternal twins share just half.

"We found there appears to be a genetic tendency to introduce your friends  15  each other," Christakis said.

There could be good, evolutionary reasons  16  this. People in the middle of a social network could be secret to useful gossip,  17   the location of food or good investment choices.

But they would also be at risk of catching effects from all sides -- in which case the advantage would  18   more cautious social behavior, they wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

"It may be that natural selection is  19  not just things like whether or not we can resist the common cold, but also who it is that we are going to come into  20   with," Fowler said in a statement.

(    ) 1. A. role                 B. rule           C. roll                  D. pole

(    ) 2. A. where              B. why          C. when                D. how

(    ) 3. A. a few                      B. several      C. few                  D. some

(    ) 4. A. generally          B. mainly      C. mostly              D. frankly

(    ) 5. A. conduct            B. introduce   C. conflict            D. instruct

(    ) 6. A. depends            B. bases         C. take                 D. put

(    ) 7. A. see                   B. inspect      C. learn                D. know

(    ) 8. A. When               B. Where       C. What                D. Whether

(    ) 9. A. genes                      B. brains        C. appearances      D. figures

(    ) 10. A. much             B. best           C. very                 D. least

(    ) 11. A. recorded         B. illustrated C. described          D. compared

(    ) 12. A. brothers          B. sisters        C. twins                D. cousins

(    ) 13. A. with                      B. on             C. for                   D. to

(    ) 14. A. share              B. have          C. own                 D. show

(    ) 15. A. into                B. to             C. in                    D. from

(    ) 16. A. for                 B. with          C. to                    D. at

(    ) 17. A. in addition to B. due to       C. as for                      D. such as

(    ) 18. A. lie on             B. bring in     C. lie in                D. send in

(    ) 19. A. acting on               B. putting on C. relying on         D. sending on

(    ) 20. A. contract          B. face          C. join                  D. contact

1-20 ABCDA ADDAB DCBAB ADCAD


解析:

本文说明的是一个人的朋友的多寡取决于他的基因。做本完形填空的时候,我们要把生活中的实际情况和文章中作者的思路相结合。

1. A你的基因及进化过程可能在这一问题上起着重要的作用(也就是A项)。BCD三项依次分别表示的意思是:规则,卷,棒杆,语意上都不适合。

2. B研究人员称,用基因解释为什么(也即是:why)有些人朋友众多而有些人却寡朋少友其实并不新鲜。ACD项依次表示:在哪儿,在什么时候,哪一个,语意和逻辑上与语境不符。

3. C根据上一题的分析,此空应表示“没有”之意,即是:few,ABD三项都表的确“有”。

4. D研究人员这儿是说他们发现的一些现象的确很奇怪。“的确”就是“确实”,就是“说实话”,也即是“坦诚地”(frankly),ABC三项依次分别表示:大体上地,主要地,大部分地,这些都不和语意相契合。

5. A来自马萨诸塞州哈佛大学的Nicholas Christakis协助开展该研究。这里的“开展”研究,就是“做”研究,A项的conduct:做,实施,非常合适,而BCD三项的意思依次是:介绍,冲突,生产。

6. A我们发现一个人朋友之间的亲密程度取决于这个人的基因,“取决于”: depends。 BCD各项加上on之后的意思是:基础是,呈现,穿上,都不能和语境契合。

7. D结合语境:有的人有四个朋友而且互相认识;而有的人有四个朋友,但他们却素不相识(即是know)。ABC三项分别表示:看到,检查,学会。

8. D迪克和哈利是否(就是whether)互相认识是取决于汤姆的基因。ABC三项中的“何时,何地,什么”都与逻辑不搭配。

9. A由上面的分析我们得知全文都是讲的“基因”,故这儿就填A项genes(gene的复数形式),而不是BCD三项分别依次表示的意思:大脑,外貌,形象。

10.B Christakis和他的同事、来自加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校的James Fowler此前以研究肥胖、吸烟以及快乐会在朋友之间传播而十分著名,可以确定CD两项错,因为它们表是否定含义:较不,最不;而这里有没有和那些人“比起来”之意,所以A项的better也错了。这里只是用形容词的最高级形式表示“很,非常,极其”来修饰known(出名)。故B项正确。

11.D Christopher Dawes of UCSD使用了一项全国性数据,这项数据对1000多对同卵及异卵双胞胎的基因进行了对比。因为是数据(data)所以最令人迷惑的是A项recorded(记录),但是是两类基因,所以比较合理的逻辑应该是compared(比较)。BC两项所表示的意思分别依次是:举例证明,形容描绘,与上面的语境不契合。

12.C由于双胞胎生活在同一个环境,而且同卵双胞胎的基因完全相同,而异卵双胞胎有一半的基因相同,所以这些研究有助于发现基因对人各个方面的影响。再加上上文就说是“双胞胎”(twins)。ABD项的意思以此事:兄弟,姐妹,堂兄妹,都不合乎语境。

13.B 由上一题的解析我们知道:that genes have 13 various things,是定语从句修饰impact(影响),而have an impact on是个固定词组,意思是:对……有影响。ACD依次表示:和,为了,对于,它们都与impact不搭配。

14.A由第12题的分析我们得知此空填上表示“有完全相同”的基因,这四个词中表示这个意思的只有share(分享,共同拥有)和这个语境相吻合,其余BCD三项表示的:有,拥有,说明之意都不合乎逻辑。

15.B我们发现人们在介绍朋友互相认识时有一个基因倾向性。“介绍朋友互相认识”用英语表示就是introduce……to……,也就是B项。Introduce与into, in, from都不是合理的搭配。

16.A这种倾向性可以用合理的、进化方面的原因来解释。这儿是表示“…的原因”,也就是英语中用“reason for”来表示,而不是with, to, at。

17.D处于社交圈中的人们可能会对一些有用信息的保密,比如哪些地方有吃的,或者好的投资选择等等,这里是举例,也即是D项such as……例如,A项表示:还有,B项是:因为,C项:对于,与语境都不能合理的吻合。

18.C好处只有存在于社交活动谨慎的人中,表示“存在于”之意的动词短语,即是:C项:lie in,ABD三项分别表示:坚持,引进,派人去请。无论意义还是逻辑上都不合适。

19.A可能自然选择对我们接触什么样的人也有影响。”我们得知此空要填上表示“有影响”之意的动词短语,就是act on,acting只不过是现在分词形式。BCD三项各自表示:穿上,依赖,(向前)传递或转发,和上面的语境不相契合。

20.D由上一题的语境我们知道,此空需要填上表示“接触联系”之意的名词,也即是D项:contact,其余BCD三项虽然都和with搭配,但都不是“接触联系”之意,它们分别依次表示:订合同,面对,连接。

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