Question

【题目】根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Every animal sleeps,but the reason for this has remained foggy. When lab rats are not allowed to sleep, they die within a month.
One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. We know that, while awake,fresh memories are recorded by reinforcing (加强)connections between brain cells, but the memory processes that take place while we sleep have been unclear.
Support is growing for a theory that sleep evolved so that connections between neurons(神经元)in the brain can be weakened overnight, making room for fresh memories to form the next day.
Now we have the most direct evidence yet that he is right. The synapses in the mice taken at the end of a period of sleep were 18 per cent smaller than those taken before sleep,showing that the connections between neurons weaken while sleeping.
If Tononi`s theory is right, it would explain why, when we miss a night`s, we find it harder the next day to concentrate and learn new information —our brains may have smaller room for new experiences.
Their research also suggests how we may build lasting memories over time even though the synapscs become thinner. The team discovered that some synapses seem to be protected and stayed the same size. “You keep what matters,” Tononi says.

A. We should also try to sleep well the night before. B. Ti's as if the brain is preserving its most important memories. C. Similarly, when people go for a few days without sleeping, they get sick. D. The processes take place to stop our brains becoming loaded with memories. E. That's why students do better in tests if they get a chance to sleep after learning. F. “Sleep is the price we pay for learning,” says Giulio Tononi, who developed the idea. G. Tononi's team measured the size of these connections, or synapses, in the brains of 12 mice.

Answer 1

【答案】C；E；F；G；B
【解析】这篇文章出自《可能最终揭露大脑对我们睡眠的神秘作用》，作者克莱尔威尔逊．体裁依然是常考的说明文，主要探讨了动物（包括人类）睡眠的原因，提出了两种假设"帮助巩固新的记忆"和"为明天的全新记忆腾出空间"．其中，后一种假设得到了实验的支持，为越来越多的人所认可．同时，提出该假设的研究人员也指出，重要的记忆是不会被清除的，而是被保留下来，成为永久记忆．
1．C 推理判断题 该空为首段最后一句．该段首句指出，所有动物（包括人）都会睡眠，但原因仍然是谜．接下来是具体例证，说明睡眠是一种普遍现象，如实验室的老鼠被剥夺了睡眠，一个月内就会死亡，而同样地，人类如果连续几天不睡觉，就会生病，所以答案选C．
2．E 推理判断题 该空为第二段的第二句话．第二段首句提出了第一个假设，睡眠帮助我们巩固新的记忆．与这个论点相呼应的例子是E项，该项第一个词that指代的就是前面的假设．也就是说，这个假设能够解释为什么学生如果能在学习之后睡觉休息，会在考试中发挥更好，所以答案选E．
3．F 推理判断题 该空为第三段最后一句话，是对该段前面内容的总结．同时，结合第四段第一句话中的代词he可以知道，该空中必然包含一个人名，否则he就失去了所指对象．选项中包含人名的选项有F和G，但只有F选项能与第三段的内容衔接．也就是说，睡眠会帮助清除一部分记忆，为新记忆腾出空间．按照研究人员Tononi的话说，"睡眠是我们为学习付出的代价"．
4．G 推理判断题 该空为第四段第二句话．第四段首句说现在我们有直接证据证明Tononi的假设是对的，那接下来应该是具体描述该证据．此外，该空后面一句话揭示了实验结果和意义．综合看来，只有G选项符合题意，指出了研究团队、实验对象以及实验内容．
5．B 推理判断题 该空为尾段的倒数第二句话，应该与其前后的句子意义连贯．该空前面一句里出现了protect、stay，而该空后面一句出现了keep、matter，正好与该选项里的preserve和important呼应．也就是说，重要的记忆会被保留下来．故答案选B．