Question

【题目】 A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.

Researchers from the University of Yale based their findings on a review of 18 earlier studies that looked at the association between sunscreen use and melanomas(黑素瘤). They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.

Most health experts believe that by protecting the skin from the harmful effects of the sun, sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer, which is increasing in incidence(发生率) faster than any other cancer in the United States.

But questions have been raised about sunscreen and whether it may have the opposite effect, perhaps by allowing people to remain exposed to the sun longer without burning.

The researchers said that among the problems with some earlier studies is that they often failed to take into account that those people most at risk for skin cancer—people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑), for example—are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.

The studies, which generally relied on volunteers to recall their sunscreen use, were also unable to prove how well the products had been applied, said the new study.

【1】The underlined word “flaws” in the 2nd paragraph most probably means ________.

A.evidencesB.factsC.faultsD.failures

【2】People with fair skin and freckles ________.

A.seldom use sunscreenB.are more in danger of skin cancerC.can be free from the harm of the sun D.often expose themselves to the sun

【3】We can learn from the passage that ________.

A.sunscreen users get skin cancer more often

B.the volunteers have proved the effect of sunscreen

C.the new study was based on the experiences of volunteers

D.the number of skin cancer patients is increasing in America

【4】Which of the following can be the best title for this passage?

A.Sunscreen to Prevent Skin Cancer

B.Sunscreen to Increase Skin Cancer

C.Skin Cancer Caused by Sunscreen

D.Skin Cancer Caused by Freckles

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

本文是说明文。一项新的研究发现，没有证据表明通常用来降低皮肤溃疡风险的防晒霜实际上会增加患病风险。

【1】词义猜测题。根据第一段中A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, …, actually increase the risk.可知，一项新的研究发现没有证据表明防晒霜实际上增加了皮肤癌的风险。They said that they found flaws in studies that had reported associations between sunscreen use and higher risk of melanoma.可知，他们发现这些研究报告了使用防晒霜和患黑色素瘤的高风险之间的联系是存在“缺陷”的。结合选项，故选C。

【2】推理判断题。根据第五段中people with fair skin and freckles(雀斑), for example—are more likely to use sunscreen. As a result, it may appear that sunscreen users get cancer more often.可知，例如，皮肤白皙、有雀斑的人——更有可能使用防晒霜。因此，使用防晒霜的人似乎更容易得癌症。由此推知，皮肤白皙、有雀斑的人更有患皮肤癌的危险。故选B。

【3】细节理解题。根据第三段...which is increasing in incidence faster than any other cancer in the United States.可知，在美国，皮肤癌的发病率比其他任何一种癌症都增长得快。由此可知，在美国，皮肤癌患者的数量正在增加。故选D。

【4】主旨大意题。根据第一段中A new study has found no evidence that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk of skin caner, actually increases the risk.可知，一项新的研究发现，没有证据表明通常用来降低皮肤溃疡风险的防晒霜实际上会增加患病风险。文章主要谈论防晒霜与皮服癌的关系，并从最新的研究中证明sunscreen helps prevent skin cancer。由此可知，A项适合做本文最佳标题。故选A。