President Abraham Lincoln’s first call for volunteers to fight in the Civil War was for whites only.The Civil War was a white man’s war，northern whites insisted.Its purpose was to preserve the Union.It was not being fought to end slavery.But by September of 1862，the sentiment toward black volunteers had changed.Lincoln had hoped that the war would be short，but it had already lasted for a year and a half.Union manpower had fallen dangerously.
Lincoln had a plan.He issued the Emancipation Proclamation.It stated that as of January 1,1863，all slaves living in the rebellious southern states would be forever free.And starting immediately，Union armies would accept black volunteers.
The southern rebels’response to Lincoln’s call for black troops was a deadly one.Captives (俘虏) of any Union regiment (团) with black troops were to be given “no quarter”．They were to be put to death immediately.
AfricanAmerican troops throughout the war distinguished themselves (表现突出) in battle at places like Milliken’s Bend，Fort Wagner，and the Crater at St.Petersburg.As to their conduct on the battlefield，Colonel Thomas Wentworth Higginson wrote，“Nobody knows anything about these men who has not seen them in battle.No officer in this regiment now doubts that the successful process of the war lies in the unlimited employment of black troops.” By the war’s end,186,000 black men had participated.They made up nearly 10 percent of Union forces.These black soldiers saw action in more than 250 battles.Black soldiers also gave their lives.By the war’s end，about 38,000 black soldiers had died.They died from disease，in battle，and after capture by rebel troops.
【小题1】This passage is mainly about________.
| A．cause of the Civil War |
| B．the Emancipation Proclamation |
| C．black soldiers in the Civil War |
| D．why Lincoln was a good president |
| A．Whites. |
| B．People who keep watch. |
| C．Rebels. |
| D．Thought and feeling. |
| A．Lincoln acted too late to free the slaves. |
| B．Blacks fought well for the Union cause. |
| C．The Civil War changed American history. |
| D．The southern rebels nearly won the Civil War. |
| A．The Civil War’s purpose was to drive the black away. |
| B．The Civil War ended just in one year with the help of the blacks. |
| C．All slaves were set free by September of 1862. |
| D．Black captives of any Union regiment were killed after Lincoln’s call. |
【小题1】C
【小题2】D
【小题3】B
【小题4】D
解析【小题1】C
解析 主旨大意题。通读本文可知，本文主要围绕美国内战中的黑人士兵展开，黑人的参战对内战的胜利起到了非常重要的作用。
【小题2】 D
解析 词义猜测题。联系上下文可知，起初林肯只号召白人参战，由于战争需要，他开始意识到武装黑人可以增大战斗力，他的想法开始转变。故sentiment意义与D项最接近。
【小题3】B
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中Colonel所述及最后几句可推知，黑人对联邦军的事业、对内战的胜利做出了重大贡献。
【小题4】D
解析 细节理解题。由文章第三段可知，在林肯发出吸纳黑人入伍的号召后，南方叛军只要抓到黑人俘虏就会将他们杀害。
科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
ARIEL, West Bank: A suicide bomber blew up near Israeli soldiers outside a Jewish settlement in the West Bank yesterday, killing at least three people and wounding about 30
Ron Nachman, mayor of the settlement of Ariel. “Soldiers were among the casualties（伤亡者）. ”People on the spot said the bomber blew up after soldiers eating at a food stand in a petrol station at the entrance of the settlement found him. According to some people on the spot accounts reported by Israeli media, a soldier shot and wounded the bomber, who then exploded.
The Magen David Adorn ambulance service said at least three people were killed and at least 30 wounded in the blast（爆炸）, which set the bomber burning at Ariel, about 25 kilometers east of Tel Aviv.
A fire brigade（旅） official said: “The bomber was still burning when we got there and we put out the fire immediately.”
Meanwhile, a blast shook homes in Lebanon’s largest Palestinian refugee camp early yesterday, damaging buildings but causing no injuries, Palestinian sources said. They said the bomb was planted outside the home of a member of Palestinian President Yasser Arafat’s Fatah faction in Ain el-Hilwch camp, and exploded while the family was sleeping.
【小题1】Some of people including ________were killed or wounded in the blast accident.
| A．mayor | B．soldiers |
| C．rescue workers | D．a fire brigade official |
| A．there was something wrong with his brains |
| B．he couldn’t see the settlement’s mayor |
| C．a soldier shot and wounded him |
| D．he wanted to make himself known |
| A．announcement | B．advertisement |
| C．science research | D．news report |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Cheating is nothing new. But today, education and administrations are finding that examples of academic dishonesty on the part of students have become more frequent--- and are less likely to be punished---than in the
past. Cheating appears to have gained acceptance among good and poor students alike.
Why is student cheating on the rise? No one really knows. Some blame the trend on a general loosening of moral values among today’s youth. Others have attributed(归因于) increased cheating to the fact that today’s youth are far more practical than their idealistic ancestors. Whereas in the late sixties and early seventies, students were filled with visions about changing the word, today’s students feel great pressure to survive and succeed. In interviews with students at high schools and colleges around the country, both young men and women said that cheating had become easy. Some suggested they did it out of hate for teachers they didn’t respect. Others looked at it as a game. Only if they were caught, some said, would they feel guilty. “People are competitive,” said a second-year college student named Anna, from Chicago. “There is an potential fear. If you don’t do well, your life is going to be ruined. The pressure is not only from parents and friends but from yourself. To achieve. To succeed. It’s almost as though we have to surpass people to achieve our own goals.
Edward Wynne, editor of a magazine blames the rise in academic dishonesty in the schools. He claims that administrators and teachers have been too hesitant to take action. Dwight Huber, chairman of the English Department at Amarillo sees the matter differently, blaming the rise in cheating on the way students evaluated. “I would cheat if I felt I was being cheated,” Mr. Huber said. He feels that as long as teachers give short-answer tests rather than essay questions and rate students by the number of facts they can memorize rather than by how well they can combine and process information, students will try to beat the system. “ The concept of cheating is based on the false belief that the system is legal and there is something wrong with the individual who’re doing it,” he said, “That’s too easy an answer. We’ve got to start looking at the system.”
【小题1】Educators are finding that students who cheat________.
| A．have poor academic records |
| B．use the information in late years |
| C．can be academically weak or strong |
| D．are more likely to be punished than before |
| A．The pressure students faced with is partly the reason causing the student cheating. |
| B．Only the educational system and administrators are to blame for the rise in the cheating. |
| C．The 1960s vision of changing the world helped students never make mistakes. |
| D．Punishment for cheaters has always been severe in this country. |
| A．students who practice cheating |
| B．parents who put pressure on their children. |
| C．school administrators who approve of short-answer tests. |
| D．teachers who are too hesitant to take actions against cheating. |
| A．students who cheat should be driven out of school |
| B．parents alone must take responsibility for the rise in student cheating |
| C．the educational system is sound, and students must follow every rule |
| D．the educational system in this country would benefit from a thorough evaluation |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Chinese writer Mo Yan’s Nobel Prize for Literature might ignite an explosion of global interest in Chinese literature and lead to more titles translated into English, European experts say.
“Hopefully, the award means more people will read Chinese literature and more works will get translated,” says Michel Hockx, professor of the Languages and Cultures of China and Inner Asia from University of London. “Many very good Chinese writers have been accepted globally for a long time already. Mo Yan is probably the most translated Chinese writer alive, with at least five of his novels made available in English over the past 20 years.”
Jonathan Ruppin, web editor of bookseller Foyles, says Mo’s win coincides with growing interest in Chinese literature and recognizes the talents of a distinctive and visionary（富于幻想的）writer. “We are very excited by the fact that English translations of more of his books should now become available,” Ruppin says. He made the comment after Mo became the first Chinese citizen to win the Nobel Prize for Literature in its century-long history.
As East-West cultural exchange has been booming, Chinese literature has been attracting growing attention in recent years. Hockx explains, “It’s mainly because there are many more opportunities for Chinese writers to visit other countries, to publish their works outside China and to interact with readers abroad. At the same time, more and more people globally are learning Chinese and taking an interest in the Chinese language and culture.”
University of Oxford lecturer in modern Chinese literature Margaret Hillenbrand says, “The obvious reason for the growing global presence of Chinese literature is the growing global presence of China itself. People have come to realize that there is a serious knowledge deficit （缺少）between China and its international counterparts — in particular, China knows incomparably（无比地）more about Europe and America than the other way round — and reading Chinese literature is an effective, simple means of solving that gap.”
【小题1】The underlined word “ignite” in Paragraph 1 probably means “________”.
| A．start out | B．burn up | C．set off | D．appeal to |
| A．Chinese writers have been writing more and more books in English |
| B．the Chinese language has become the most widely used language in the world |
| C．the Chinese government attaches great importance to literature |
| D．the cultural communication between China and western countries has developed |
| A．Chinese literature has spread with the development of China. |
| B．The Nobel Prize for Literature has a history of hundreds of years. |
| C．In the past, no Chinese writers were accepted outside China. |
| D．Foreigners know about China mainly by reading Mo Yan’s works. |
| A．China knows more about Europe and America than before. |
| B．China knows more about Europe and America than they know about China. |
| C．China, Europe and America know one another more than before. |
| D．Compared with America, China knows more about Europe. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Running like the wind, roaring （咆哮） like thunder, tigers have long been feared and respected as a king of the animal world．But last week a report said that there are no more than 30 wild tigers left in south China．
This was the conclusion of a team of scientists from China's State Forestry Administration and the World Nature Fund．
The South China tiger, also known as the Chinese tiger, is native to southern China．In the 1950's, there were over 4000 tigers found in mountain forests in the country．But due to the destruction of their natural habitat （栖息地） and uncontrolled hunting, it has been pushed on to the list of the world's top ten most endangered species．
Sixty-six of the big cats can be found in the cages of a dozen zoos around China．But they are nothing like their wild cousins．They have lost their natural skills such as hunting and killing．If they were set free they could not look after themselves．
"Breeding has damaged the quality of the species", said Pei Enle, deputy director of the Shanghai Zoo．
To reintroduce the species into the wild, the country started a programme to send five to ten young tigers to South Africa．Four of them have already arrived．Progress has been made as two elder tigers have recovered some of their instincts（本能） and can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base．
" South Africans are very experienced in reintroducing big animals to the wild．The country has very good natural conditions for the tigers to learn in", said Lu Jun, office director of the National Wildlife Research and Development Center．" We tried in Fujian Province, but it was not successful as there was not a complete eco-chain（生物链） and there was a lack of space．"
The tigers should return to China in 2007 when the reservations in Fujian are ready．
【小题1】What is the main reason for the South China tiger becoming one of the world's top ten most endangered species?
| A．Because it has lost its natural instincts． |
| B．Because there is not a complete eco-chain． |
| C．Because there is no space for it． |
| D．Because uncontrolled hunting has destroyed its natural living conditions． |
| A．Its effect still remains to be seen． |
| B．Two tigers can already compete with their wild cousins． |
| C．Some of the tigers are already on the road to recovering their natural skills． |
| D．The tigers should be able to recover their instincts completely by 2007． |
| A．they are no longer feared by other wild animals |
| B．they don't know how to hunt or kill |
| C．a complete change has resulted in the species because of breeding |
| D．to reintroduce them into the wild has become an urgent task |
| A．To help the tigers recover their ability to live in the wild． |
| B．To provide them with a better environment． |
| C．To get the tigers to go on a tour． |
| D．To find a complete eco-chain for them． |
| A．Because the tigers can hunt wild animals by themselves at the African base． |
| B．Because South Africans are skilled at dealing with the tigers． |
| C．Because there is a complete eco-chain and enough space there． |
| D．Because the country has good natural conditions for the tigers to learn in． |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The oldest stone buildings in the world are the pyramids(金字塔). They have stood for nearly 5, 000 years, and it seems likely that they will continue to stand for thousands of years yet. There are over eighty of them scattered(散布)along the banks of the Nile, some of which are different in shape from the true pyramids. The most famous of these are the “Step” pyramid and the “Bent” pyramid. 
Some of the pyramids still look as much alike as they must have been when they were built thousands of years ago. Most of the damage suffered by the others has been at the hands of men who were looking for treasure or, more often, for stones to use in modern buildings. The dry climate of Egypt has helped to keep the pyramids in good condition, and their very shape has made them less likely to fall into ruin. These are good reasons why they can still be seen today, but perhaps the most important is that they were planned to last forever.
The “Step” pyramid had to be on the west side of the Nile, the side on which the sun sets. This was for spiritual reasons. It also had to stand well above the level of the river to protect it against the regular floods. It could not be too far from the Nile, however, as the stones to build it needed to be carried in boats down the river to the nearest point. Water transport was, of course, much easier than land transport. The builders also had to find a rock base, which was not likely to crack(破裂)under the great weight of the pyramid. Finally, it had to be near the capital, or better still near the king’s palace so that he could visit it easily to personally check the progress being made on the final resting place for his body.
【小题1】According to the passage, the “Step” pyramid .
| A．is unlikely to fall into ruin in the near future |
| B．was built on the sand along the Nile |
| C．is one that was built later than the true pyramids |
| D．is the most famous of the true pyramids |
| A．people have taken good care of them |
| B．it doesn’t rain often in Egypt |
| C．they were well designed |
| D．the government has protected them from damage |
| A．the regular floods |
| B．the dry climate of Egypt |
| C．people searching for gold |
| D．people in search of building materials |
| A．they believed in their god |
| B．it was difficult to find a large rock base far from the Nile |
| C．the river helped a lot in the transport of building materials |
| D．it was not easy to choose a suitable place for the pyramids |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
Most musicians agree that the best violins were made in Cremona, Italy, about 200 years ago. They even sound better than violins made today. Violin makers and scientists try to make instruments like the old Italian violins. But they aren’t the same. Why are these old Italian violins so special? Many people think they have an answer.
Some people think it is the age of the violins. But there is a problem here. Not all old violins sound wonderful. Only those from Cremona are special. So age cannot be the answer.
Other people think the secret to those violins is the wood. The wood of the violin is very important. It must be from certain kinds of trees. It must not be too young or too old. Perhaps the violin makers of Cremona knew something special about wood for violins.
But the kind of wood may not be so important. It may be more important to cut the wood in a special way. Wood for a violin must be cut very carefully. It has to be the right size and shape. The smallest difference will change the sound of the violin. Musicians sometimes think that this is the secret of the Italians.
Size and shape may not be the answer either. Scientists make new violins that are exactly the same size and shape. But the new violins still do not sound as good as the old one. Some scientists think the secret may be the varnish(清漆), which covers the wood of the violin and makes it look shiny. It also helps the sound of the instrument. Since no one knows what the Italian violin makers used in their varnish, no one can make the same varnish today.
There may never be other violins like the violins of Cremona. And there are not many of the old violins left. So these old violins are becoming more and more precious.
【小题1】What would be the best title for the passage?
| A．The Secrets of Cremona Violins | B．The History of Italian Violins |
| C．Special Musical Instruments | D．How to Make the Best Violins |
| A．list some facts | B．raise a question |
| C．give an opinion | D．offer an answer |
| A．The shape. | B．The size. | C．The wood. | D．The varnish. |
| A．Light. | B．Shining. | C．Valuable. | D．Modern. |
| A．Modern things are always better than ancient ones. |
| B．Ancient things are always better than modern ones. |
| C．Once a cultural relic is lost, it can never be recovered. |
| D．Varnish for violins will become more and more precious. |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解
The garden city was largely the invention of Ebenezer Howard (1850 – 1928). After immigrating from England to the USA, and an unsuccessful attempt to make a living as a farmer, he moved to Chicago, where he saw the reconstruction of the city after the disastrous fire of 1871. In those days, it was nicknamed "the Garden City", almost certainly the source of Howard's name for his later building plan of towns．Returning to London, Howard developed his design in the 1880s and 1890s, drawing on ideas that were popular at the time, but creating a unique combination of designs．
The nineteenth-century poor city was in many ways a terrible place, dirty and crowded; but it offered economic and social opportunities．At the same time, the British countryside was in fact equally unattractive: though it promised fresh air and nature, it suffered from agricultural depression（萧条）and it offered neither enough work and wages, nor much social life．Howard's idea was to combine the best of town and country in a new kind of settlement, the garden city．Howard's idea was that a group of people should set up a company, borrowing money to establish a garden city in the depressed countryside; far enough from existing cities to make sure that the land was bought at the bottom price．
Garden cities would provide a central public open space, radial avenues and connecting industries．They would be surrounded by a much larger area of green belt, also owned by the company, containing not merely farms but also some industrial institutions．As more and more people moved in, the garden city would reach its planned limit-Howard suggested 32,000 people; then, another would be started a short distance away．Thus, over time, there would develop a vast planned house collection, extending almost without limit; within it, each garden city would offer a wide rang of jobs and services, but each would also be connected to the others by a rapid transportation system, thus giving all the economic and social opportunities of a big city．
【小题1】How did Howard get the name for his building plan of garden cities?
| A．By using the nickname of the reconstructed Chicago． |
| B．Through his observation of the country life． |
| C．Through the combination of different ideas． |
| D．By taking other people's advice． |
| A．making comments on | B．giving an explanation of |
| C．giving a description of | D．making use of |
| A．Each one would continue to become larger |
| B．People would live and work in the same place |
| C．Their number would continue to rise |
| D．Each one would contain a certain type of business |
| A．City and Countryside |
| B．The Invention of the Garden City |
| C．A New City in Chicago |
| D．A Famous Garden City in England |
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科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：写作题
某中学生英文报近期开辟专栏，讨论学习习惯问题。请你结合自身学习实际，按以下提示，用英文为该专栏写一篇稿件。
1. 说明学习习惯与学习效果之间的关系；
2. 介绍一种好的学习习惯并提出养成该习惯的建议；
3. 描述自己在学习习惯方面存在的某个问题并给出改进措施。
注意：
1. 词数120左右，开头语已为你写好；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 文中不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。
It's useful and necessary to discuss learning habits.
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