【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Traditional earthen buildings
Listed as a World Cultural Heritage in 2008, tulou or earthen buildings are unique rural dwellings ( 住宅) in the 【1】 (mountain) area in east China's Fujian Province. The buildings 【2】 (appear) in the Song and Yuan dynasties, and took 【3】 (they) current shapes in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Some of the Hakka and Hoklo people still live in the tulou. The buildings were 【4】 (original) for Hakka families to live together and defend 【5】the invaders. They evolved from local mountain camps, most of 【6】 took a circular structure. Most of the earthen buildings have been developed since it was put on the List, and the number of tourists 【7】 (rise)dramatically. Lin Jianwen is currently the sixth generation owner of Zhencheng Building 【8】 (build) in 1912. Lin went back home and inherited the building, turning it into a homestay hotel. In peak time, there are 200 people from 27 families 【9】 (live) in it. He runs 【10】business with his family and takes good care of the visitors. Welcoming tourists from all over the world makes Lin's life more colorful in the village.
【答案】
【1】mountainous
【2】appeared
【3】their
【4】originally
【5】against
【6】which
【7】has risen
【8】built
【9】living
【10】the
【解析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在2008年被收录到世界文化遗产的福建土楼。文章还介绍了福建土楼的历史、以往的功能等。同时，还通过例子介绍了福建土楼现今作为民宿发展的这一经济作用。
【1】考查形容词。句意：2008年被列为世界文化遗产的土楼建筑，是中国东部福建省山区独一无二的农村住宅。分析句子可知，area为名词，意为“区域；地区”，因此需形容词在前作定语对其进行修饰。故填mountainous。
【2】考查动词时态。句意：这些建筑出现在宋元时期，定形在明清时期。分析句子可知，宋元时期为过去的时间点，发生在过去时间点的事情用一般过去时即可。故填appeared。
【3】考查物主代词。句意：这些建筑出现在宋元时期，定形在明清时期。分析句子可知，下文current shapes为名词短语，此处应天形容词性物主代词。故填their。
【4】考查副词。句意：这些建筑最初是为了客家人的共同居住和抵御侵略者而建造的。分析句子可知，修饰动词live together和defend against时应使用副词形式，故填originally。
【5】考查固定搭配。句意：这些建筑最初是为了客家人的共同居住和抵御侵略者而建造的。分析句子可知，此处为固定词组defend against，意为“保卫；抵抗；抵御；防御”。故填against。
【6】考查关系代词。句意：它们时从当地的山区营地演变而来的，其中大多数都采取了圆形结构。分析句子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，且是of+关系代词的结构。先行词camps为物，从句中缺少主语成分，因此需使用which在从句中作主语。故填which。
【7】考查动词时态。句意：大部分土楼在被列入名录以后发展起来，游客数量急剧上升。分析句子可知，since引导时间状语从句时，主句一般使用现在完成时，从句使用一般过去时，表示从“开始”被列入名录以来，土楼的发展和游客数量的上升在持续。且句中and需连接时态、语态一直的词语，前句中使用了现在完成时，空处也应使用现在完成时。the number of+名词复数形式时，其谓语要用三单形式，故填has risen。
【8】考查非谓语。句意：林健文是1912年建成的镇城土楼的第六代业主。分析句子可知，Zhencheng Building和build之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。故填built。
【9】考查非谓语。句意：在高峰时期，一共有来自27个家庭的200口人住在这里。分析句子可知，本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，因此需使用live作非谓语动词。live与逻辑主语people and families之间是主谓关系，故填living。
【10】考查定冠词。句意：他和他的家人一起做生意，并且把客人们都照顾的很好。后文中的business指代的是前文中出现的a homestay hotel民宿生意，前文中出现过的内容，后文再次出现时应使用定冠词the。故填the。
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，是定语从句中一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系，在此结构中，关系代词只能用which（指物）或whom（指人）。但有些动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：look for，look after，pay attention to等等。
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