Question

The concept of personal choice in relation to health behaviors is an important one. An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. The structure of American society allows us to make almost all our own personal decisions that may concern our health. If we so desire, we can smoke, drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want, and live a completely sedentary life style without any exercise. The freedom to make such personal decisions is a fundamental aspect of our society, although the wisdom of these decisions can be questioned. Personal choices relative to health often cause a difficulty. As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.?

A multitude(多数；大批) of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual. However, the decision to adopt a particular health related behavior is usually one of personal choices. There are healthy choices and there are unhealthy choices. In discussing the morals of personal choice, Fries and Grapo drew a comparison. They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical(统计数字的) probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide(自杀). Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality(活力；生命力) and longevity(长寿).

1.The concept of personal choice concerning health is important because ____.

A．personal health choice help cure most illness

B．it helps raise the level of our medical knowledge

C．it is essential to personal freedom in American society

D．wrong decisions could lead to poor health

2.To “live a completely sedentary life style”（L7, Para.1）in the passage means____.

A．to“live an inactive life”

B．to “live a proper life”

C．to“live a life with complete freedom”

D．to “live a life of evil”

3.Sound personal health choice is often difficult to make because ____.

A．current medical knowledge is still insufficient

B．there are many factors influencing our decisions

C．few people are willing to trade the quality of life for the quantity of life

D．people are usually influenced by the behavior of their friends

4.To knowingly allow oneself to pursue unhealthy habits is compared by Fries and Crapo to ____.

A．improving the quality of one’s life

B．limiting one’s personal health choice

C．deliberately ending one’s life

D．breaking the rules of social behavior

5.According to Fries and Crapo sound health choices should be based on ____.

A．personal decisions B．society’s laws

C．statistical evidence D．friend’s opinions

Answer 1

1.D

2.A

3.B

4.C

5.C

【解析】

试题分析：本文讲述的是关于健康行为的个人选择观念是相当重要的。

1.D 推断题。根据第一段提到An estimated 90 percent of all illnesses may be preventable if individuals would make sound personal health choice and do not like to see it restricted when it is within the legal and moral boundaries of society. 如果能在保健知识的基础上作出有益于身心健康的选择的话，则90%疾病可预防，反之亦然，故选D项。

2.A词意猜测。上下文有“If we so desire, we can smoke drink excessively, refuse to wear seat belts, eat whatever foods we want.”所列四项都是具体的日常事情。只有A项与所列 四项同类。而该词组后紧接着“without exercise”由此分析，A为正确选项。

3.B 推断题。根据第一段提到As one example, a teenager may know the facts relative to smoking cigarettes and health but may be pressured by friends into believing it is the socially accepted thing to do.可知青少年可能知道抽烟的危害但在朋友的压力下认为这是社会性的行为和第二段提到A multitude(多数；大批) of factors, both inherited and environmental, influence the development of health related behaviors, and it is beyond the scope of this text to discuss all these factors as they may affect any given individual.很多的因素包括遗传和环境会影响与行为有关的健康的发展，这已经超过了本文所谈论的范围，因为他们可能会影响到任何一个有关的人，故选B项。

4.C 推断题。根据第二段提到They suggest that to knowingly give oneself over to a behavior that has a statistical(统计数字的) probability of shortening life is similar to attempting suicide他们认为故意地沉溺于某种睚统计概率上会较高地缩短生命的行为无异于企图自杀，故选C项。

5.C 推断题。根据第二段提到Thus, for those individuals who are interested in preserving both the quality and quantity of life, personal health choices should reflect those behaviors that are associated with a statistical probability of increased vitality(活力；生命力) and longevity(长寿)因此，对于那些想要保持生活的质量的人来说，个人的健康的选择必须能够考虑那些在统计概率上能提高省活力和延长寿命的行为，故选C项。

考点：科普类阅读。