When Marilynne Robinson published her first novel, Housekeeping, in 1980, she was unknown in the literary world. But an early review in The New York Times ensured that the book would be noticed. ¡°It¡¯s as if, in writing it, she broke through the ordinary human condition with all its dissatisfactions, and achieved a kind of transfiguration£¨ÃÀ»¯£©,¡± wrote Anatole Broyard, with an enthusiasm and amazement that was shared by many critics and readers. The book became a classic, and Robinson was recognized as one of the outstanding American writers of our time. Yet it would be more than twenty years before she wrote another novel.
During the period, Robinson devoted herself to writing nonfiction. Her essays and book reviews appeared in Harper¡¯s and The New York Times Book Review, and in 1989 she published Mother Country: Britain, the Welfare State, and Nuclear Pollution, criticizing severely the environmental and public health dangers caused by the Sellafield nuclear reprocessing plant in England¡ªand the political and moral corruption(¸¯°Ü). In 1998, Robinson published a collection of her critical and theological writings, The Death of Adam: Essays on Modern Thought, which featured reassessments of such figures as Charles Darwin, John Calvin, and Friedrich Nietzsche. Aside from a single short story¡ª¡°Connie Bronson,¡± published in The Paris Review in 1986¡ªit wasn¡¯t until 2004 that she returned to fiction with the novel Gilead, which won the National Book Critics Circle Award and the Pulitzer Prize. Her third novel, Home, came out this fall.
Her novels could be described as celebrations of the human¡ªthe characters in them are unforgettable creations. Housekeeping is the story of Ruth and her sister Lucille, who are cared for by their eccentric£¨¹Å¹ÖµÄ£©Aunt Sylvie after their mother commits suicide. Robinson writes a lot about how each of the three is changed by their new life together. Gilead is an even more close exploration of personality: the book centres on John Ames, a seventy-seven-year-old pastor(ÄÁʦ) who is writing an account of his life and his family history to leave to his young son after he dies. Home borrows characters from Gilead but centers on Ames¡¯s friend Reverend Robert Boughton and his troubled son Jack. Robinson returned to the same territory as Gilead because, she said, ¡°after I write a novel or a story, I miss the characters¡ªI feel like losing some close friends.¡±
1.Robinson¡¯s second novel came out ____.
A. in 1980 B. in 1986 C. in 1998 D. in 2004
2.What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Robinson¡¯s achievements in fiction.
B. Robinson¡¯s achievements in nonfiction.
C. Robinson¡¯s influence on the literary world.
D. Robinson¡¯s contributions to the environment.
3.According to Paragraph 3, who is John Ames?
A. He is Robinson¡¯s close friend.
B. He is a character in Gilead.
C. He is a figure in The Death of Adam.
D. He is a historian writing family stories.
4.From which section of a newspaper can you read this passage?
A. Career. B. Lifestyle. ¡¡ C. Music. D. Culture.
1.D
2.B
3.B
4.D
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3.ÓÉGilead is an even more close exploration of personality: the book centres on John Ames, Ò»¾ä¿ÉÖª£¬AmesÊÇС˵GileadÖеÄÈËÎï¡£¹ÊÑ¡ÔñBÏî¡£
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Psychiatrists(¾«Éñ²¡×¨¼Ò)£¬who work with older parents say that maturity can be an asset(×ʲú) in child raising----older parents are more thoughtful, use less physical discipline and spend more time with children. But raising kids takes money and energy, many older parents find themselves balancing their limited financial resources, declining energy and failing health against the growing demands of an active child. Dying and leaving young children is probably the older parents¡¯ biggest and often unspoken fear. Having late-life children, says an economics professor, often means parents, particularly fathers, ¡°end up retiring much later.¡± For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream.
Henry Metcalf, a 54-year-old journalist, knows it takes money to raise kids. But he¡¯s also worried that his energy will give out first. Sure, he can still ride bikes with his athletic fifth grader, but he¡¯s learned that, young at heart doesn¡¯t mean young. Lately he¡¯s been taking afternoon naps to keep up his energy.¡± My body is aging,¡± says Metcalf, ¡°You can¡¯t get away from that.¡±
Often, older parents hear the ticking of another kind of biological clock. Therapists who work with middle-aged and older parents say fears about aging are nothing to laugh at. ¡°They worry they¡¯ll be mistaken for grandparents, or that they¡¯ll need help getting up out of those little chairs in nursery school.¡± Says Joann Galst, a New York psychologist .But at the core of those little fears there is often a much bigger one. ¡°that they will not be alive long enough to support and protect their child, ¡± she says .
Many late-life parents, though, say their children came at just the right time. After marrying late and undergoing years of fertility(ÊÜÔÐ) treatment, Marilyn Nolen and her husband, Randy, had twins. ¡°We both wanted children,¡± says Marilyn, who was 55 when she gave birth. The twins have given the couple what they desired for years, ¡°a sense of family.¡±
Kids of older dads are often smarter, happier and more sociable because their fathers are more involved in their lives. ¡°The dads are older, more mature,¡± says Dr. Silber, ¡°and more ready to focus on parenting.¡±
¡¾Ð¡Ìâ1¡¿Why do psychiatrists regard maturity as an asset in child raising?
A Older parents can better balance their resources against children¡¯s demands.
B Older parents are usually more experienced in bringing up their children.
C Older parents are often better prepared financially.
D Older parents can take better care of their children.
¡¾Ð¡Ìâ2¡¿What does the author mean by saying ¡°For many, retirement becomes an unobtainable dream¡±
A They have to go on working beyond their retirement age.
B They can¡¯t get full pension unless they work some extra years.
C They can¡¯t obtain the retirement benefits they have dreamed of.
D They are unwilling to retire when they reach their retirement age
¡¾Ð¡Ìâ3¡¿The author gives the examples of Henry Metcalf to show that______.
A many people are young in spirit despite their advanced age
B taking afternoon naps is a good way to maintain energy
C older parents tend to be concerned about their aging bodies
D older parents should exercise more to keep up with their athletic children
¡¾Ð¡Ìâ4¡¿What¡¯s the biggest fear of older parents according to New York psychologist Joann Galst?
A Being laughed at by other people B Slowing down of their pace of life
C Being mistaken for grandparents D Approaching of death
¡¾Ð¡Ìâ5¡¿What do we learn about Marilyn and Randy Nolen?
A They thought they were an example of successful fertility treatment
B Not until they had the twins did they feel had formed a family
C They believe that children born of older parents would be smarter.
D Not until they reached middle age did they think of having children.
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Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands, respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can¡¯t be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you ) get others to follow?
Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity (¿¶¿®) that¡¯s never forgotten.
Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism (ÅúÆÀ), which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees. ¡°Catch people doing something right!¡± he says. Then tell everyone about it.
Take informed risk. (ðÏÕ). ¡°The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,¡± says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. ¡°Sky divers don¡¯t go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes beforehand.¡±
Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail --- and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
Encourage enthusiasm.£¨ÈÈÇ飩 ¡°When people understand the importance of work, they lend their mental strengths,¡± says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That¡¯s a great force! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself - You will be followed by everyone.
69. The underlined word ¡°cultivated¡±(paragraph 1£©roughly means ______£®
A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed
70. The part ¡°Always give credit¡± tells us that a leader should ______£®
A. give helpful criticism
B. regard others as real heroes
C. praise people for their good performances
D. praise everyone
71. To be a good leader, you should ______£®
A. not be afraid of any risks B. think twice before taking risks
C. try to avoid any possible failures D. know what a thoughtless exercise is
72. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques
B. Leadership Is Very Important
C. Not Many Can Be Leaders
D. How to Be a Leader
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Being considered a leader in our society is indeed of high praise. Leadership means power, commands respect and, most important, encourages achievement. Unlike vitamin C, leadership skills can't be easily swallowed down. They must be carefully cultivated.
Different from popular belief, most good leaders are made, not born. They learn their skills in their everyday lives. But which do they develop? How do they (and how can you) get others to follow?
Always give credit. Many leaders note that the most efficient way to get a good performance from others is to treat them like heroes. Giving public credit to someone who has earned it is the best leadership technique in the world. It is also an act of generosity hat's never forgotten.
Giving credit is more effective than even the most constructive criticism, which often hurts rather than helps. Kenneth Blanchard, the author of The One-Minute Manager, agrees.
"Catch people doing something right!" he says. Then tell everyone about it.
Take informed risks. "The best leaders know that taking a risk is not a thoughtless exercise,"says management adviser Marilyn Machlowitz. "Sky divers don't go up in an airplane without checking the parachutes (½µÂäÉ¡) beforehand."
Because the idea of risk also carries with it the possibility of failure, many of us usually wait for others to take charge. But if you want to be a leader, you must learn to fail - and not die a thousand deaths. Pick yourself up and start all over again.
Encourage enthusiasm. "When people understand the importance of work, they lend their mental strengths," says Lee Ducat. But when they get excited about the work, all their energy gets poured into the job. That's a great force ! Is this the best way to create excitement? Be enthusiastic yourself - You will be followed by everyone.
72. The underlined word "cultivated" ( paragraph 1 ) roughly means ______.
A. encouraged B. compared C. examined D. developed
73. The part Always give credit tells us that a leader should ______.
A. give helpful criticism
B. regard others as real heroes
C. praise people for their good performances
D. praise everyone
74. To be a good leader, you should ______.
A. not be afraid of any risks
B. think twice before taking risks
C. try to avoid any possible failures
D. know what a thoughtless exercise is
75. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?
A. Leadership Is of Skills and Techniques
B. Leadership Is Very Important
C. Not Many Can Be Leaders
D. How to Be a Leader
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When 16-year-old Ella Fitzgerald stepped onto the stage to perform at Harlem¡¯s Apollo Theater in 1934, she had no idea that her life was about to change. Her childhood had been 36 . After the death of her parents, Fitzgerald had been placed in a boarding school. 37 , the teachers at the school mistreated her, 38 she ran away. Homeless and orphaned, Fitzgerald was trying her best to 39 on the streets of New York City when she won a contest to perform during an amateur night at the Apollo. She had 40 planned to dance, but at the last second, she decided to sing her mother¡¯s favorite song 41 . Her performance earned her 42 from several well-known musicians. Ella Fitzgerald went on to become a 43 jazz singer.
During a musical career that spanned six decades, Fitzgerald 44 more than 200 albums. She won 13 Grammy Awards, the last of which she received in 1990. She worked with some of the greatest American singers of the twentieth century, including Frank Sinatra, Louis Armstrong, Count Basie, and Dizzy Gillespie. Her talent and charm 45 a wide range of listeners around the world. The worldwide 46 of Ella Fitzgerald helped make jazz a more popular genre.
Until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s, the United States 47 African American citizens the same treatment 48 white citizens received. Fitzgerald¡¯s manager and her band 49 to perform at places where discrimination was practiced. They also decided not to perform unless they were paid the same 50 as white singers and musicians. Ella¡¯s fight for 51 received support from numerous celebrity admirers, including Marilyn Monroe. Fitzgerald never took her good fortune for granted. She gave money to charities and organizations that contributed to 52 disadvantages children. For her many civic contributions, in 1992 President George Bush 53 her the Presidential Medal of Honor, one of the highest honors 54 to civilians.
In 1991, Fitzgerald gave her 55 performance in New York¡¯s Carnegie Hall. Although Ella Fitzgerald died in 1996, the American ¡°First Lady of Song¡± continues to live in the hearts and ears of music lovers worldwide.
1. A£®rich B£®rough C£®tiresome D£®happy
2. A£®Importantly B£®Unforgettably C£®Naturally D£®Unfortunately
3. A£®therefore B£®but C£®so D£®then
4. A£®survive B£®experience C£®learn D£®stand
5. A£®strangely B£®blindly C£®originally D£®probably
6. A£®in spite B£®instead C£®in place D£®though
7. A£®jealousy B£®recognition C£®reputation D£®gratitude
8. A£®creative B£®dependent C£®undiscovered D£®distinguished
9. A£®released B£®sold C£®copied D£®showed
10. A£®compared with B£®appealed to C£®composed of D£®depended on
11. A£®celebration B£®admiration C£®relaxation D£®indication
12. A£®denied B£®supported C£®offered D£®hated
13. A£®which B£®what C£®that D£®like
14. A£®decided B£®refused C£®started D£®afforded
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16. A£®wealth B£®future C£®equality D£®agreement
17. A£®caring for B£®playing with C£®preferring to D£®taking after
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One of the most important things in the world is friendship. In order to have friends, you have to be a friend. But how can you be a good friend at school?
Listen¡ªListen when they are talking. Don¡¯t say anything unless they ask you a question. Sometimes it¡¯s not necessary for you to have anything to say; they just need someone to talk to about their feelings.
Help them¡ªIf your friend is ever in need of something, be there to help them. You should try to put them first, but make sure you don¡¯t do everything they want you to do. Try to take an extra pencil or pen with you to classes in case they forget one. Have a little extra money in your pocket in case they forget something they need.
Be there for them¡ªBe there for your friends to help make them feel better in hard times. Marilyn Monroe, a famous U.S. actor, once said, ¡°I often make mistakes. Sometimes I am out of control, but if you can¡¯t stay with me at my worst, you are sure not to deserve to be with me at my best.¡± Always remember this! If you don¡¯t want to stay with your friends when they¡¯re in hard times, then you don¡¯t deserve to be with them when they¡¯re having a good time!
_________¡ªTry to make plans with your friends. Go shopping, go for ice cream, have a party, go to a movie and so on. Take time to know each other even better by doing something you both enjoy. By planning things together, you both can have a good time. And you¡¯ll remember these things when you¡¯re all old!
1. While your friend is talking to you about his or her feelings, you should______________.
A. give him or her some advice
B. just listen unless asked
C. calm him or her down
D. share your feelings as well
2.When we provide help for our friends, we should ___________.
A. try to do everything for them
B. put them before ourselves
C. change their bad habits first
D. ignore their faults
3.What can we learn from Marilyn Monroe¡¯s words?
A. Life without a friend is death.
B. A friend is easier lost than found.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. A man is known by his friends.
4. Which of the following can be put in the blank of the last paragraph?
A. Make plans B. Enjoy yourself
C. Understand your friends D. Play with your friends
5.The passage is mainly about _______.
A. how to find a good friend B. how to help friends in trouble
C. How to be a good friend D. how to make more friends
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