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         Robots are being used for the first time in hospitals. "Robot-nurses" perform a variety of tasks such as
    delivering medicine, food and laboratory samples to sickrooms and taking away waste. Patients aren't
    treated by robots, as this is still done by medical staff. The idea is to employ robots to transport supplies
    between departments.
         "Nurses often have to break off from what they are doing to gather supplies," says Peter Seiff, who
    makes the robots called TUGs. Research shows any interruption in medical work can lead to errors-a
    nurse may forget whether she has given medicine and may give a patient double the dose (剂量) or none
    at all.
         The robots vary in size according to what job they perform, but normally take the shape of a metal
    box on wheels, with a box on the side containing their software.
         After being programmed, the robots are able to find their way around a hospital unassisted. They also
    contain scanning technology to create electronic pictures or a "memory" of routes on their hard drives to
    help them go through passages, doors and other obstacles. Each robot is also monitored at the producer's headquarters (总部) in case it runs into any difficulties.
         Trials show TUGs reduce the time it takes for a patient to receive medicine, and stop drugs from going missing. A study at the University of Maryland Medical Centre in the U.S. found that when three TUGs
    were used over the course of a year, the average length of time from the drugstore receiving a prescription to the patient receiving it dropped from 74 minutes to 30 minutes and saved nurses 6,123 hours finding medicines. It also cut the number of medicines that went missing to zero.
         "The biggest complaints we receive from patients is that the nurses don't spend enough time with them. Anything that frees nurses is a boon," says Katherine Mulligan, director of nursing at the hospital, "The
    TUGs allow nurses to spend more time focusing on patient care. Nurse satisfaction has improved."
    1. Which of the following activities are robot-nurses NOT programmed to deal with?
    A. Transporting supplies.      
    B. Taking away waste.
    C. Taking care of patients.  
    D. Creating electronic pictures.
    2. The underline word "boon" in the last paragraph probably means           .
    A. benefit  
    B. dream    
    C. habit  
    D. complaint
    3. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A. Robots can help nurses save a lot of time.  
    B. All robots have the same size.  
    C. Robots are unable to find their way by themselves.  
    D. Robots cannot get help if they run into difficulties.
    4. What is the attitude of the author towards robot-nurses?
    A. Neutral.
    B. Positive.  
    C. Negative.
    D. Unknown.
    1-4: CAAB
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    科目：高中英语 来源：2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试、英语(安徽卷) 题型：050

    阅读理解

    　　The need to feed a growing population is putting much pressure on the world's supply of water．With 97％ of the world's water too salty to be drunk or used in agriculture, the worldwide supply of water needs careful management, especially in agriculture．Although the idea of a water shortage(短缺)seems strange to someone fortunate enough to live in a high rainfull country, many of the world's agricultural industries experience constant water shortages．

    　　Although dams can be built to store water for agricultural use in dry areas and dry seaons, the costs of water redistribution(重新分配)are very high．Notonly is there the cost of the engineering itself, but there is also an environmental cost to be considered．Where valleys(山谷)are flooded to create dams, houses are lost and wildlife homes destroyed．Besides, water many flow easily through pipes to fields,but it cannot be transported from one side of the world to the other．Each country must therefore rely on the management of its own water to supply its farming requirements．

    　　This is particularly troubling ro countries with agricultural industries in areas dependent on irrigation(灌溉)．In Texas, farmers' overuse of irrigation water be resulted in a 25％ redcution of the water stores．In the Central Valley area of south eastern USA, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry vallege, but much of the water use has been poorly managed．

    　　Saudi Arabia's attempts to grow wheat in desert areas have been the pumping of huge quantities of irrigation water from underground reserves．Because there is no rainfall in these areas, such reserves can only decrease, and it is believed that fifty years of pumping will see them run dry．

    (1)

    From the first two paragraphs we learnt that ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    much of the world's water is available for use

    B．

    people in high rainfll countries feel lucky

    C．

    the costs of water redistribution should be considered

    D．

    water can be easily carried through pipes across the world

    (2)

    Which of the following is true?

    [　　]

    A．

    The water in Texas have been reduced by 75％．

    B．

    Most industries in the world suffer from water shortagers．

    C．

    The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years．

    D．

    Good management of water use resulted from the project in the Central Valley．

    (3)

    What is most likely to be discussed in the paragreh that follows?

    [　　]

    A．

    Steps to improving water use managet．

    B．

    Ways tor redjuce the costs of builing dams．

    C．

    Measured to dmal with worldwide water shortages．

    D．

    Appmihes to handling the pressure on water supply．

    (4)

    The text is mainly about ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    water supply and increasing population

    B．

    water use management and agriculture

    C．

    water redistribution and wildlife protection

    D．

    water shornages and environmental protection．

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