12.Poverty is not first thing that comes to mind when you think of Japan.After all,there are no children begging on the streets in major cities here.You do not often see Japanese citizens publicly letting out their complaints over the country's economic decline.But senior government researcher Aya Abe says Japan has the fourth highest rate of child poverty among developed countries.
She says she sees that poverty in schools where students admit to only bathing once a week.Some cannot afford to buy pencils for class.
"They may not be on the streets begging or they may not be turning into criminals,but it's there.It's just that we have to open our eyes and see,"Abe said.
Abe owes the increase in child poverty to the country's changing demographics(人口统计),struggling economy and high social security premiums(保险费).She says fewer people live in three-generation households,where the parents and grandparents work.The number of single mothers has increased.The salary for young fathers has declined with the economic downturn.Social security premiums have increased in the last 20years,putting families on the edge of poverty.
Abe says studies conducted by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD ) point to rising poverty in Japan before the global economic crises in 2008.But the Japanese government and the public refused to acknowledge it until then partly because of the shame associated with poverty.
"It was very unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty,"said Abe."Even though OECD Japan announced it in Japanese,Japanese media didn't make it into the articles."
Abe says new Prime Minister Yukio Hatoyama has taken one important step to help alleviate (缓解) the problem.Next year,his Democratic Party of Japan plans to double monthly child care allowances given to families.
But Abe wants the government to expand its financial help even more.She wants it to simplify the process to apply for public assistance and provide educational grants for students struggling to pay for tuition at high schools and colleges.The country now only offers loans.
Abe also says the government must act quickly because she says the problem will only get worse in the next few years.
36.The passage is intended toB.
A.report the result of the studies conducted by OECD
B.tell us about the increase in Japanese child poverty
C.prove that Japan is no longer a developed country
D.introduce Aya Abe,a senior government researcher
37.It seems to be hard to associate Japan with poverty becauseA.
A.no children are seen begging in the streets of main cities in Japan
B.its citizens never complain about the country's economic decline
C.it is one of the few wealthiest countries in the world
D.its government and public refused to acknowledge it
38.According to Abe,several things contribute to the rising child poverty exceptD.
A.high social security premiums
B.the increase of the number of single mothers
C.the decrease of the salary for young fathers
D.the expansion of three-generation households
39.Why was it unpopular for Japanese media to say anything about Japanese poverty?C
A.The Japanese public didn't think it true.
B.It was forbidden by the Japanese government.
C.The Japanese public regarded it shameful to be poor.
D.OECD Japan had already announced it in Japanese.
40.Which of the following is NOT the author's suggestion for alleviating this problem?A
A.Doubling monthly child care allowances given to families.
B.Expanding government's financial help even more.
C.Providing educational grants for poor students.
D.Simplifying the process to apply for public assistance.
分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了日本的贫困儿童增加,但日本媒体不说日本的贫穷因为日本人认为贫穷是可耻的,作者认为政府应该及时采取措施.
解答 36.B.主旨大意题.根据第一段:But senior government researcher Aya Abe says Japan has the fourth highest rate of child poverty among developed countries可知这篇文章意在告诉我们关于日本的贫困儿童增加;故选B.
37.A.细节理解题.根据第一段:Poverty is not first thing that comes to mind when you think of Japan.After all,there are no children begging on the streets in major cities here可知很难把日本与贫穷联系起来因为不会的孩子乞讨,在主要城市的街道上,在日本;故选A.
38.D.细节理解题.根据第四段:She says fewer people live in three-generation households,where the parents and grandparents work.The number of single mothers has increased.The salary for young fathers has declined with the economic downturn.Social security premiums have increased in the last 20years可知三代同堂减少,单亲母亲的数量增加.年轻的父亲的工资与经济不景气,社会保障费升高有助于儿童贫困的增加;故选D.
39.C.细节理解题.根据第五段:But the Japanese government and the public refused to acknowledge it until then partly because of the shame associated with poverty可知日本媒体不说日本的贫穷因为日本人认为贫穷是可耻的;故选C.
40.A.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段:She wants it to simplify the process to apply for public assistance and provide educational grants for students struggling to pay for tuition at high schools and colleges可知Abe希望政府扩大财政援助,她希望政府简化申请公共援助的程序,并为那些在高中和大学里努力支付学费的学生提供教育补助;故选A.
点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.