8．How can you tell if someone's lying？The answer is，they're probably not．
Traditional economics says that people are（1）D human beings who will lie if it's to their advantage．A recent university study has shown that，actually，we're pretty（2）A--especially when we're at home．
Researchers in Germany（3）C people at home and asked them to toss（投掷） a coin．There was a strong （4）B incentive（刺激） to lie about the result：if the coin landed tails-up，the participants would receive money，while if the coin landed heads-up，they would get nothing．Because they were on the phone，they knew there was no （5）D of getting caught ifthey lied．
And yet people told the （6）B．Over hundreds of tosses，a coin will land tails-up about 50% of the time．In this （7）D 0ver halfthe people asked （55.6%） said that the coin landed heads-up，which meant they would receive nothing．
Previous studies had found that people were more （8）D．In those laboratory studies，75% of people reported a（9）Ccoin and asked for a reward．So the research team thinks it's being in our own homes that makes us play fair，although it's not yet clear why．
In fact both types of study show people are surprisingly（10）A．Even in the laboratory，25% of people （11）B a reward by telling the truth．The researchers say this is because honesty is （12）Avalued in human society．We care about our（13）D and our sense of ourselves as decent（体面的） people．So lying has a psychological（14）C and it seems this cost is more important than the financialbenefits of（15）B．
| l． A．poor | B．kind | C．generous | D．reasonable |
| 2． A．honest | B．strict | C．calm | D．afraid |
| 3． A．visited | B．saw | C．phoned | D．caught |
| 4． A．mental | B．financial | C．technical | D．educational |
| 5． A．idea | B．need | C．evidence | D．risk |
| 6． A．difference | B．truth | C．story | D．secret |
| 7． A．case | B．interview | C．speech | D．study |
| 8． A．faithful | B．grateful | C．disappointed | D．dishonest |
| 9． A．missing | B．losing | C．winning | D．shining |
| 10．A．reliable | B．greedy | C．brave | D．wealthy |
| ll．A．received | B．refused | C．won | D．required |
| 12．A．highly | B．normally | C．formally | D．poorly |
| 13．A．money | B．family | C．jobs | D．reputation |
| 14．A．reason | B．effect | C．cost | D．function |
| 15．A．studying | B．lying | C．phoning | D．reporting |
