Question

【题目】When I was in the fifth grade and Mr. Gardner asked a question, my hand would often shoot up in enthusiasm. After giving me a few opportunities, he would try to give other students a chance. My hand, though, would remain in the air, and after some time, I’d start waving it around. Then, there was the time I entered drumming classes. But all we were allowed to do in the first class was practice one beat over and over again. I never went back.

I would have done terribly in theStanford Marshmallow(果浆软糖) Experiment. In this classic study, researchers gave children a choice between one marshmallow right away and two later. The results showed that those who could wait 15 minutes ended up scoring 210 points higher on the SAT, an examination that American high school students take before they go to college.

So clearly, delaying(延迟的) gratification or bearing up under pain have their benefits. It needs patience, which keeps us from being stuck to ideas formed previously, and helps us let go of our strong desire for consequences. We come to accept that we don’t always or immediately know what is best, and learn to recognize that our reality is in constant changes. Patience improves our understanding of deeper truths and helps us expand our views.

The journey of patience is rooted in knowing that our present reality will finally give way to changes. But changes won’t always happen when we think they should, and patience with ourselves comes from accepting that there are things we can control and things we can’t. And though we must make great efforts to keep pushing the boundaries of our awareness and to improve our ability to rest in comfort in the present moment, how fast we develop isn’t up to us.

That same fifth grader who couldn’t wait to speak out answers now sees the value of meeting questions with a heart of patience.

【1】Why did the author wave his hand around in class?

A. He wanted to entertain himself.

B. He tried to show his impatience.

C. He was making fun of his fellow students.

D. He wanted to give his fellow students a chance.

【2】What’s the purpose of the Stanford Marshmallow Experiment?

A. To test children’s concentration levels.

B. To test whether children have sweet teeth.

C. To test patience and its potential advantages.

D. To test the bond between patience and desire.

【3】Which of the following can replace the underlined word “gratification” in Para. 3?

A. Progress. B. Patience.

C. Assistance. D. Satisfaction.

【4】What is the main reason for people to have patience according to the text?

A. Constant changes. B. Present reality.

C. An absence of self-control. D. A strong desire for consequences.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】C

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】 本文属于说明文。通过斯坦福棉花糖实验可知，延迟的满足需要有耐心，有耐心的人或忍受痛苦有好处的。它会让我们接受现实是不断变化的，接受可控和不可控的。耐心会让我们受益的。

【1】B

推理判断题。第一段讲述作者一听到老师提问就非常兴奋，回答几次之后老师就把回答问题的机会给别的同学。一直举手，过了一会后我的手就在空中挥舞着，可知我是等待老师的提问而老师却不提问时的那种不耐烦。A说挥舞手是自娱，B说是竭力表达他的不耐烦，C是他在取笑别的同学，D是他想给其他学生的机会。分析选项可知B项符合题意，故选B项。

推理判断试题属于高层次阅读理解题。这种题型包括判断题和推理题。这两类题常常相互依存，推理是为了得出正确的判断，正确的判断又依赖于合乎逻辑的推理。做好该题型要从整体上把握语篇内容，在语篇的表面意义与隐含意义、已知信息与未知信息间架起桥梁，透过字里行间，去体会作者的“弦外之音”。如第1小题文中并没有句子说明作者的不耐烦。但从作者一直接举手，后来的挥舞着手，可推断出作者想要回答问题等的不耐烦了。由此可知推理判断题要仔细体现表面与隐含意义之间的联系，才能得出正确的答案。

【2】C

推理判断题。第二段中的斯坦福棉花糖实验中给学生的选择是立刻得到一块糖，还是等候一段时间可得到两块。而能等候15分钟的学生，在大学前的SAT考试中成绩高出210分。第三段说“delaying(延迟的) gratification or bearing up under pain have their benefits. It needs patience, which keeps us from being stuck to ideas formed previously and helps us let go…. Patience improves our understanding of deeper truths and helps us expand our views”可知延迟的满足有好处的。它需要耐心，而耐心它使我们不被先前所形成的想法束缚，帮助我们放弃对结果的强烈渴望…. 耐心增进我们对深层真理的理解，并帮助我们扩展我们的观点。 由此可知这个试验是来测试人的耐心，及带来的可能的好处。故C项正确。

【3】D

推理判断题。根据斯坦福棉花糖实验中是如果等待一段时间可得到更多的好处，也就是得到了更多的满意。这就是延迟而得到的奖励，即得到好处的满足感。分析选项可知，D项符合题意。

【4】A

推理判断题。根据第三段‘It needs patience, which keeps us from being stuck to ideas formed previously, and helps us ….We come to accept that we don’t always or immediately know what is best, and learn to recognize that our reality is in constant changes.”（我们开始接受，我们并不总是或立即知道什么是最好的，并学会认识到我们的现实在不断的变化。）及第四段第一句“The journey of patience is rooted in knowing that our present reality will finally give way to changes”知道我们的现状会不断变化是需要有耐心的。由此可知，人们要有耐心是因为知道现实是不断变化的。分析选项可有A符合题意，故选A。