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    The defining issue of our time is how to keep that promise alive．No challenge is ________ urgent．

    [　　]

    A．less

    B．more

    C．pretty

    D．even

    答案：B
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    科目：高中英语 来源：重庆市南开中学2011届高三12月月考英语试题 题型：050

    阅读理解

    　　Art, at its simplest, is a form of communication．As most forms of communication have an intention or goal directed－toward another individual, this is a motivated purpose．Scientific illustration(插图), for example, is a form of art as communication．Maps are another example．However, the content need not be scientific．

    　　Emotions, moods and feelings are also communicated through art．

    　　Art as entertainment．Art may seek to bring about a particular emotion or mood, for the purpose of relaxing or entertaining the viewer．This is often the function of the art industries of Motion Pictures and Video Games．

    　　The Avante－Garde, one of the defining functions of early twentieth century art, has been to use visual images to bring about political change．Art movements that had this goal－Dadaism, Surrealism, Russian Constructivism, and Abstract Expressionism, among others－are referred to as the avante – garde arts．In some case, the function of art may be simply to criticize some aspect of society like the Graffiti art．Graffiti art and other types of street art are graphics and images that are spray－painted(喷绘)on publicly viewable walls, buildings, buses, trains, and bridges to express people's social needs, usually without permission of the government．

    　　Art for psychological and healing purposes．The Diagnostic Drawing Series, for example, is used to determine the personality and emotional functioning of a patient．The end product is not the major goal in this case, but rather a process of healing, through creative acts, is sought．The piece of artwork created in the healing process may also offer inspiration into the troubles experienced by the subject and may suggest suitable approaches to be used to solve the psychological problems．

    　　Art for propaganda(宣传), or commercialism．Art is often used as a form of propaganda, and thus can be used to communicate and influence popular ideas or mood．In a similar way, art that tries to sell a product also influences mood and emotion．In both cases, the purpose．of art here is to subtly lead the viewer into a barticular emotional or psychological response toward a particular idea or object．

    (1)

    What is probably NOT communicated through art?

    [　　]

    A．

    knowledge

    B．

    loneliness

    C．

    ideas

    D．

    illustration

    (2)

    Which of the statements is true about the Avante – Carde and Graffit?

    [　　]

    A．

    They call for some social change

    B．

    Both appeared in the early 20 the century．

    C．

    Both criticize the political system

    D．

    Governments use both for political reasons．

    (3)

    The underlined phrase “the subject” refers to ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    the patient

    B．

    the topic discussed

    C．

    creative acts

    D．

    the Diagnostic Drawing Series

    (4)

    The most suitable title for the passage is ________．

    [　　]

    A．

    Inspiration of Art

    B．

    Function of Art

    C．

    Examples of Art

    D．

    Understanding Art

    查看答案和解析>>

    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Why did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps because it’s just plain easier. Make that “energetically less costly”, scientifically speaking.

    Bipedalism—walking on two feet, is one of the defining characteristics of being humans, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimps(黑猩猩)to walk on a treadmill(跑步机)while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles(膝关节).That measurement of the energy needed to move around was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week’s online edition of “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”.

    It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one-quarter of the energy that chimps use while knucklewalking on four limbs(肢).And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.

    However, there were differences among chimps in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different manner of walking and anatomy(解剖构造).One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.

    “What we were surprised at was the variation(变异) ”, he said in a telephone interview. Interview. “That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution.”

    Walking on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to drive the world, said Raichlen. “We think about the evolution of bipedalism as one of first events that led hominids(原始人)down the path to being humans.”

    The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L.S.B.Leakey Foundation.

    The underlined word “Bipedalism” in Paragraph 2 probably means____.

    A．moving sideways              B．walking upright

    C．walking on four legs            D．running fast

    We can infer from the passage that____.

    A．scientists have no idea on how humans’ walking on two legs came about

    B．scientists have had different views on why chimps walk on four legs

    C．scientists have had different views on how humans’ walking on two legs vame about

    D．scientists have had similar views on how humans’ walking on two legs came about

    What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

    A．How chimps saved energy.

    B．Why chimps didn't walk on two legs.

    C．David Raichlen studied chimps.

    D．Different chimps consumed different energy.

    According to the passage, humans walk upright in order to____.

    A．conserve energy                  B．differ from other animals

    C．free their brains                  D．strengthen their legs

    查看答案和解析>>

    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Why did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps because it’s just plain easier. Make that “energetically less costly”, scientifically speaking.
    Bipedalism—walking on two feet, is one of the defining characteristics of being humans, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimps(黑猩猩)to walk on a treadmill(跑步机)while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles(膝关节).That measurement of the energy needed to move around was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week’s online edition of “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”.
    It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one-quarter of the energy that chimps use while knucklewalking on four limbs(肢).And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.
    However, there were differences among chimps in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different manner of walking and anatomy(解剖构造).One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.
    “What we were surprised at was the variation(变异) ”, he said in a telephone interview. Interview. “That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution.”
    Walking on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to drive the world, said Raichlen. “We think about the evolution of bipedalism as one of first events that led hominids(原始人)down the path to being humans.”
    The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L.S.B.Leakey Foundation.

    1. 1.

      The underlined word “Bipedalism” in Paragraph 2 probably means____.

      1. A.
        moving sideways
      2. B.
        walking upright
      3. C.
        walking on four legs
      4. D.
        running fast
    2. 2.

      We can infer from the passage that____.

      1. A.
        scientists have no idea on how humans’ walking on two legs came about
      2. B.
        scientists have had different views on why chimps walk on four legs
      3. C.
        scientists have had different views on how humans’ walking on two legs vame about
      4. D.
        scientists have had similar views on how humans’ walking on two legs came about
    3. 3.

      What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

      1. A.
        How chimps saved energy.
      2. B.
        Why chimps didn't walk on two legs.
      3. C.
        David Raichlen studied chimps.
      4. D.
        Different chimps consumed different energy.
    4. 4.

      According to the passage, humans walk upright in order to____.

      1. A.
        conserve energy
      2. B.
        differ from other animals
      3. C.
        free their brains
      4. D.
        strengthen their legs

    查看答案和解析>>

    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：阅读理解

    Why did humans evolve to walk upright? Perhaps it’s just plain easier. Make that “energetically less costly”, scientifically speaking.

           Bipedalism—walking on two feet, is one of the defining characteristics of being humans, and scientists have debated for years how it came about. In the latest attempt to find an explanation, researchers trained five chimps (黑猩猩) to walk on a treadmill (跑步机) while wearing masks that allowed measurement of their oxygen consumption. The chimps were measured both while walking upright and while moving on their legs and knuckles (关节). That measurement of the energy needed to move around was compared with similar tests on humans and the results are published in this week’s online edition of “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

           It turns out that humans walking on two legs use only one-quarter of the energy that chimps use while knuckle-walking on four limbs(肢). And the chimps, on average, use as much energy using two legs as they did when they used all four limbs.

           However, there were differences among chimps in how much energy they used, and this difference corresponded to their different manner of walking and anatomy (解剖构造). One of the chimps used less energy on two legs, one used about the same and the others used more, said David Raichlen, assistant professor of anthropology at the University of Arizona.

           “What we were surprised at was the variation,” he said in a telephone interview. “That was pretty exciting, because when you talk about how evolution works, variation is the bottom line, without variation there is no evolution.”

           Walking on two legs freed our arms, opening the door to drive the world, said Raichlen. “We think about the evolution of bipedalism as one of first events that led hominids (原始人) down the path to being humans.

           The research was supported by the National Science Foundation and the L. S. B. Leakey Foundation.

    1. The underlined word “Bipedalism” in Paragraph 2 probably means ________.

           A. moving sideways                    B. walking upright               

    C. walking on four legs                D. running fast

    2. We can infer from the passage that_________.

           A. scientists have no idea on how humans’ walking on two legs came about

           B. scientists have had different views on why chimps walk on four legs

           C. scientists have had different views on how humans’ walking on two legs came about

           D. scientists have had similar views on how humans’ walking on two legs came about

    3. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?

           A. How chimps saved energy.

           B. Why chimps didn’t walk on two legs.

           C. David Raichlen studies chimps.

           D. Different chimps consumed different energy.

    4. According to the passage, humans walk upright in order to ________.

           A. conserve energy                      B. differ from other animals

           C. free their brains                       D. strengthen their legs

    查看答案和解析>>

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