Among the many differences between Western and Chinese cultures, table manners are one of the most noticeable(显著的) differences. Westerners often make mistakes at the table in China or in a Chinese home. In order not to have an embarrassing（尴尬的） experience, here are some things to consider next time you are eating with some Chinese.
Step1:
Keep in mind that food is shared. It is one of the biggest differences between Chinese and Western eating habits. In China a few dishes are placed in the center of a table and shared by all. Also, you should offer thanks when a Chinese host takes food from one of the dishes on the table and places it on your plate. Refusing it would not be polite even if you are full.
Step2:
Respect the chopsticks. The chopsticks are the single most important tool at a Chinese table. Use the chopsticks to grab food and never skewer (叉) it. Also make sure to place your chopsticks over your bowl or plate. Don’t lay them on the table or even worse, stick them into the rice bowl.
Step3:
Use communal(共用的)chopsticks. To take food from the center of the table you should use the communal chopsticks or spoons that are placed there for that purpose. If there are no communal tools, use the other ends of your chopsticks to take food, remembering not to use the other end to put food into your mouth.
Step4:
Respect the elders. Table manners in China place extra respect on elders. At the table, pass food to your elders before taking it for yourself. If someone makes a toast, make sure that when you clink glasses with someone older than you, the rim of your glass is lower than the rim of the elder person.
【小题1】How can you use your chopsticks according to the passage?
| A．Use them to grab your own food. |
| B．Put them on the table. |
| C．Use them to skewer the food. |
| D．Stick them into the rice bowl. |
| A．you don’t have to accept the food a Chinese host places on your plate |
| B．a skewer is also a commonly used tool at a Chinese table |
| C．one can offer his own chopsticks for communal use when there aren’t any |
| D．when clinking glasses, the rim of the younger person should be lower than that of the older person |
| A．To let the world get a full understanding of China. |
| B．To introduce table manners among different cultures. |
| C．To introduce Chinese table manners to Westerners. |
| D．To introduce how Chinese table manners came into being. |
【小题1】A
【小题2】D
【小题3】C
解析试题分析：本文介绍了中国的餐桌文化和文明礼仪，如何使用筷子，如何敬酒等等。
【小题1】A 细节题。根据第三段第2行Use the chopsticks to grab food and never skewer (叉) it.说明要用筷子夹住食物，故A正确。
【小题2】D 细节题。根据文章最后3行If someone makes a toast, make sure that when you clink glasses with someone older than you, the rim of your glass is lower than the rim of the elder person说明在敬酒的时候，要注意你的酒杯的要低于年长者的酒杯。故D项说法错误，符合题目的要求。
【小题3】C 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段Westerners often make mistakes at the table in China or in a Chinese home. In order not to have an embarrassing（尴尬的） experience, here are some things to consider next time you are eating with some Chinese.
说明本文主要向对方介绍中国的餐桌的文明礼仪。故C正确。
考点：考查文化类短文阅读
点评：本文介绍了中国的餐桌文化和文明礼仪。本文细节题居多，答题时在文章找到对应的地方，用笔进行标记，这有利于后期有时间检查时可以立刻找到答案的位置。仔细理解作者所讲的意思，再结合选项，通过排除法和自己对全文的把握，选出正确答案。
科目：高中英语 来源：2013届江苏省扬州中学高三最后一次模拟考试英语卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
(The Guardian)： More UK universities should be profiting from ideas
A repeated criticism of the UK's university sector is its noticeable weakness in translating new knowledge into new products and services.
Recently, the UK National Stem Cell Network warned the UK could lose its place among the world leaders in stem cell research unless adequate funding and legislation could be assured, despite an annual £40m spent by the Department of Health on all kinds of research.
However, we do have to challenge the unthinking complaint that the sector does not do enough in taking ideas to market. The most recent comparative data on the performance of universities and research institutions in Australia, Canada, USA and UK shows that, from a relatively weak starting position, the UK now leads on many indicators of commercialization activity.
When viewed at the national level, the policy interventions (interference) of the past decade have helped transformed the performances of UK universities. Evidence suggests the UK's position is much stronger than in the recent past and is still showing improvement. But national data masks the very large variation in the performance of individual universities. The evidence shows that a large number of universities have fallen off the back of the pack, a few perform strongly and the rest chase the leaders.
This type of uneven distribution is not strange to the UK and is mirrored across other economies. In the UK, research is concentrated: less than 25% of universities are receiving 75% of the research funding. These same universities are also the institutions producing the greatest share of PhD graduates, science citations, patents and license income. The effect of policies generating long-term resource concentration has also created a distinctive set of universities which are research-led and commercially active. It seems clear that the concentration of research and commercialization work creates differences between universities.
The core objective for universities which are research-led must be to maximize the impact of their research efforts. Their purpose is not to generate funds to add to the bottom line of the university or to substitute other income streams. Rather, these universities should be generating the widest range of social, economic and environmental benefits. In return for the scale of investment, they should share their expertise (expert knowledge or skill) in order to build greater confidence in the sector.
Part of the economic recovery of the UK will be driven by the next generation of research commercialization spilling out of our universities. On the evidence presented in my report, there are three dozen universities in the UK which are actively engaged in advanced research training and commercialization work.
If there was a greater coordination（协调）of technology transfer offices within regions and a simultaneous (happening at the same time) investment in the scale and functions of our graduate schools, universities could, and should, play a key role in positioning the UK for the next growth cycle.
【小题1】What does the author think of UK universities in terms of commercialization?
| A．They have lost their leading position in many ways. |
| B．They still have a place among the world leaders. |
| C．They do not regard it as their responsibility. |
| D．They fail to change knowledge into money. |
| A．It masks the fatal weaknesses of government policy. |
| B．It indicates their ineffective use of government resources. |
| C．It does not rank UK universities in a scientific way. |
| D．It does not reflect the differences among universities. |
| A．concentration of resources in a limited number of universities |
| B．compulsory cooperation between universities and industries |
| C．government aid to non-research-oriented universities |
| D．fair distribution of funding for universities and research institutions |
| A．Fully use their research to benefit all sectors of society. |
| B．Generously share their facilities with those short of funds. |
| C．Advertise their research to win international recognition. |
| D．Spread their influence among top research institutions. |
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They are among the 250, 000 people under the age of 25 who are out of work in the Netherlands, a group that makes up 40 percent of the nation’s unemployed．A storm of anger boils up at the government-sponsored （政府资助的） youth center, even among those who are continuing their studies．
“We study for jobs that don’t exist,” Nicollets Steggerda, 23, said．
After thirty years of prosperity, unemployment among 10 member nations of the European Community has reached as much as 11 percent, affecting a total of 12．3 million people, and the number is climbing．
The bitter disappointment long expressed by British youths is spreading across the Continent．The title of a rock song “No Future” can now be seen written on the brick walls of closed factories in Belgium and France．
One form of protest（抗议） tends to put the responsibility for a country’s economic troubles on the large numbers of “guest workers” from Third World nations, people welcomed in Western Europe in the years of prosperity．
Young Europeans, brought up in an extended period of economic success and general stability, seem to be similar to Americans more than they do their own parents．Material enjoyment has given them a sense of expectation, even the right to a standard of living that they see around them．
“And so we pass the days at the discos, or meet people at the café, and sit and stare,” said Isabella Cault．"There is usually not much conversation．You look for happiness．Sometimes you even find it．”
【小题1】Unemployment in the Netherlands has affected
| A．about 0．6 million people | B．250,000 people |
| C．1ess than half of the population | D．one million people |
| A．what the students learn is more than necessary |
| B．the students cannot get work after graduation |
| C．the students’ aim in study is not clear |
| D．school education is not sufficient |
| A．material enjoyment | B．a sense of expectation |
| C．a job | D．happiness |
| A．British youths have pity on the unemployed on the Continent． |
B．British youths care about unemployment in France and  Belgium． |
| C．British youths show their disappointment over joblessness． |
| D．British youths have confidence to find work on the Continent． |
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Surfing the Internet for fun will make you a better employee, according to an Australian study.
The University of Melbourne study shows that people who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive 
than those who do not. Study author Brent Coker said, “Surfing the Internet at times helps increase an employee’s attention.”
“People need to relax for a bit to get back their attention,” Coker said on the university’s websit
e. “Having a short break, such as a quick surfing of the Internet, helps the mind to rest itself, leading to a higher total Internet attention for a day’s work, and as a result, increases productivity(生产效率),”he said.
According to the study of 300 workers, 70 percent of people who use the Internet at work surf the Internet for their own reasons during office hours. Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos. “Firms spend a lot of money on software to block their employees from watching video, using social networking sites or shopping online,” said Coker. “That’s not always a good idea
.”
However, Coker said the study looked at people who surfed the Internet in moderation (适度), or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office. “Those who spend too much time surfing the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without,” he said.
【小题1】 What does the University of Melbourne study mainly show?
| A．People who surf the Internet are good employees. |
| B．Not everyone surfs the Internet for fun during office hours. |
| C．Surfing the Internet for fun during office hours increases productivity. |
D．The Internet is becoming more and more impo rtant in people’s life. |
| A．the longer a person’s mind rests ,the better attention he will have |
B．surfing the Internet is the best way to increase productivit y |
| C．workers should have a long break during office hours |
| D．Workers should let their minds rest now and then |
| A．Watching videos. | B．Reading online news. |
| C．Reading online novels | D．Playing online games. |
ap4 means “_____”.| A．prevent | B．cycle | C．burst | D．breathe |
| A．Spending too much time surfing the Internet reduces productivity. |
| B．Those who never surf the Internet have the lowest productivity. |
| C．Most people don’t surf the Internet in moderation during office hours. |
| D．People should spend as little time as possible surfing the Internet. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：广东省梅州市曾宪梓中学2009-2010学年度高二第一学期期末考试 题型：阅读理解
第二节：语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分, 满分10分）
阅读下面短文, 按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求, 在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空, 并将答案填写在答题卷标号为31～40的相应位置上。
Autumn came again，and with it ___31____ (come)trouble and sorrow, A strange disease had broken out among the sealers．Betty Sparrow, who was Abraham Lincoln’s mother’s aunt，and her husband were the first to ___32___ (attack)by this terrible sickness．The narrow camp which was their home was ___33___cheerless place even at its best，and the disease did its work____34____ (quick)．
And then Abraham Lincoln’s mother was stricken down．Suffering from damp and cold in the camp had robbed her of her ___35____(strong)and made her easily ____36___ (catch) the disease，
One morning，when the grey daylight was struggling ___37___ the gaps of the unfinished cabin，she reached out her arms and drew little Abraham before her, “My boy, you are going ___38____ live as I have taught you．” Then the end came．
____39___ only ten years old，Lincoln was no longer a child. He was ___40___ (determine) to be a man of the type his mother would praise and admire. Long afterward，when he had won honor and had a sure place among the great men of the world，he said，“All that I am，and all that I hope to be，I owe to my angle mother．”
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届江苏东台三仓中学高三第一次月考英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
The State Council declared Wednesday it would restart China's nuclear power program, ending the hiatus（中断）in nuclear construction since Japan's Fukushima nuclear disaster last year.
China has been the most courageous country in building nuclear power, with the largest number of plants currently under construction. Nuclear power is facing a tough time in developed countries. The Japanese public is demanding the closure of all the country's nuclear power plants. China is at the forefront of nuclear power development. But it has been forced into this position.
Rapid economic development coupled with improvements in people's life both demand more electricity. It is impossible to exploit fossil resources forever as the supply of coal, oil and natural gas is limited. China has no choice but to develop nuclear power.
China must be the safest user of nuclear power. It should become a leading country in developing nuclear power technologies and increasing the world's knowledge of nuclear power.
It needs to do at least two things. First, it needs to promote safety in nuclear power plants, based on the technologies of the West. The former Soviet Union, the US and Japan all had severe nuclear accidents, proving there are risks. China should try to remove these risks.
Second, China should establish effective communication mechanisms（机制）between the government, power plants and the public. It's wrong to think the government can control every aspect of nuclear power plant construction.
The opposition to nuclear power program in developed countries has prevented them from building new plants, but they already have many. These governments are reluctant to close these plants despite strong opposition, because they cannot find better substitutes.
Nuclear power only occupies 1.8 percent of China's current electricity grid（输电网）, much lower than the proportion in many developed countries. China's nuclear power plan should introduce the advantages of the technologies of other countries and also be creative in providing security. Its space technology is not the most advanced, but its launch safety measures have proven to be among the best.
China's high-profile high-speed railway development has drawn a lot of controversy, as will the active attitude towards developing nuclear power. But China cannot just copy what the developed countries have done. The development of nuclear power must be unique to China and it must be a ground-breaking success. But now, the real test lies ahead.
1.In the third paragraph the writer focuses on ______.
A. the reason why China is to develop nuclear power
B. the difficulty China has in developing nuclear power
C. the measures China will take to develop nuclear power
D. the benefits China will have by developing nuclear power
2.What attitude do people in developed countries have towards nuclear power program?
A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Indifferent. D. Objective.
3.. If the Chinese government is to develop nuclear power, it needs to ______.
A. copy exactly what the developed countries have done
B. depend entirely on domestic scientists and technologies
C. avoid people’s involvement in nuclear power plant construction
D. do everything in its power to guarantee safety in nuclear power plants
4.What is the future of China’s nuclear power program according to the text?
A. It will be unique but can hardly pass too many tests.
B. It will be full of controversy but carried out firmly.
C. It will be on a smooth way to a ground-breaking success.
D. It will receive much opposition from developed countries.
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