Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value. The concept dates back to 1623, when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed. IP rights protect an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another. For example, if somebody generated an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights. If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use. Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing, but today intellectual property rights are also enjoyed by those who create music, art and literature.
In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether: the Internet. Many years ago, if you wanted a recoding of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, from a book store. In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it. However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the internet. This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.
【小题1】According to the writer, in the beginning, IP rights were mainly of use to _______.
| A．those creating music, art and literature |
| B．novelists |
| C．those not receiving financial reward for their work |
| D．engineers and inventors |
| A．It does not affect the way we understand IP rights. |
| B．It sells songs and films. |
| C．It makes IP rights harder to protect. |
| D．It prevents the production of artwork. |
| A．Intellectual property rights. | B．Free downloading. |
| C．The Internet. | D．The large number of songs, films and books. |
| A．IP Rights and Our Attitudes | B．Ways to Protect Your IP Rights |
| C．The Present and the Future of IP rights | D．A History of IP Rights |
科目：高中英语 来源：2013-2014学年北京市高二上期入学考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
As a parent you might never guess all the ways a good imagination benefits your child. It helps a preschooler(学龄前儿童)：
Develop social skills
As children play pretend, they explore relationships between family members, friends and coworkers and learn more about how people interact. Playing doctor, they imagine how physicians care for their patients. Playing house, they learn more about how parents feel about their children. Imaginative play helps develop empathy(同情) for others. If children can imagine how it feels to be left out of a game or to lose a pet, they are better able to help those in need. They become more willing to play fair, to share, and to cooperate.
Build selfconfidence
Young children have very little control over their lives. Imagining oneself as a builder of skyscrapers(摩天大楼) or a superhero defending the planet is empowering to a child. It helps them develop confidence in their abilities and their potential.
Boost intellectual growth
Using the imagination is the beginning of abstract thought.Children who can see a king's castle in a mound(堆) of sand or a delicious dinner in a mud pie are learning to think symbolically(象征性地). This skill is important in school where a child will have to learn that numerals symbolize groups of objects, letters symbolize sounds, and so on.
Practice language skills
Kids who play pretend with their friends do a lot of talking.This helps boost their vocabulary, improve sentence structure and promote communication skills.
Work out fears
Playing pretend can help children work out their fears and worries. When children roleplay about the big, bad monster under the bed, they gain a sense of control over him and he doesn't seem quite so big or so bad. Imaginative play also helps kids vent(发泄) confusing feelings they might have, such as anger toward a parent or compete with a new sibling(兄弟姐妹)．
To encourage your youngster's imagination, read to him every day. Books offer children the opportunity to visit other worlds and create new ones of their own.
For generations children have enjoyed reading the story of Peter Pan because Peter takes them on fascinating adventures.Reader's Digest Young Families offers a beautiful typical Disney edition of Peter Pan, which is an iParenting Media Award winner. Click here to find out how you can get this classic story along with 2 free books-Bambi and Pinocchio.
1.What's NOT the advantage of children having a good imagination?
A．Understanding the other people's feelings and problems.
B．Expressing their feelings like anger.
C．Having a strong faith in their own abilities and potential.
D．Helping them form a good habit of reading stories.
2.What does the underlined word “Boost” mean?
A．Improve. B．Limit.C．Push. D．Praise.
3.From the last paragraph we can learn that ________．
A．Reader's Digest Young Families wins an iParenting Media Award
B．Disney edition of Peter Pan can be got online for free
C．the story of Peter Pan has been popular with kids
D．Bambi and Pinocchio are offered for free because of bad sales
4.What's the purpose of writing the article?
A．To tell readers the benefits of encouraging children's imagination.
B．To introduce some wonderful Disney stories to readers.
C．To provide ways of helping make kids more imaginative.
D．To persuade parents to buy the Disney edition of Peter Pan.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届四川成都外国语学校高二下期期中考试英语卷（解析版） 题型：完型填空
Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an __16__ should be made even before choice of a curriculum（课程） in high school. Actually, __17__, most people make several job choices during their working lives, __18__ because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve __19__ position. The "one perfect job" does not exist. Young people should __20__ enter into a broad flexible training program that will __21__ them for a field of work rather than for a single __22__ .
Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans __23__ benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing __24__ about the occupational world, or themselves for that matter, they choose their lifework on a hit-or-miss __25__. Some drift from job to job. Others __26__ to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.
One common mistake is choosing an occupation for __27__ real or imagined prestige (声望). Too many high-school students - or their parents for them - choose the professional field, __28__ both the relatively small percentage of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal __29__. The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a white-collar job is __30__ good reason for choosing it as life's work. __31__, these occupations are not always well paid. Since a large percentage of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the __32__ of young people should give serious __33__ to these fields.
Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants __34__ life and how hard he is willing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take __35__ for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.
1. A．identification B．accommodation C．occupation D．entertainment
2. A．thereby B．however C．though D．therefore
3. A．thoroughly B．mainly C．entirely D．partly
4. A．its B．his C．their D．our
5. A．therefore B．since C．furthermore D．forever
6. A．fit B．make C．take D．leave
7. A．means B．job C．way D．company
8. A．to B．for C．with D．without
9. A．little B．few C．much D．a lot
10. A．chance B．purpose C．basis D．opportunity
11. A．apply B．appeal C．turn D．stick
12. A．its B．their C．your D．our
13. A．concerning B．following C．ignoring D．considering
14. A．preferences B．requirements C．tendencies D．ambitions
15. A．a B．any C．the D．no
16. A．Therefore B．Moreover C．Nevertheless D．However
17. A．majority B．mass C．minority D．number
18. A．proposal B．suggestion C．approval D．consideration
19. A．towards B．out of C．against D．without
20. A．turns B．parts C．risks D．choices
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科目：高中英语 来源：2014届北京市高二下学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
We find that bright children are rarely held back by mix-ability teaching. On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are enriched. We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils. It does not take into account the fact that children develop at different rates. It can have a bad effect on both the bright and the not-so-bright child. After all, it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!
Besides, it is rather unusual to grade pupils just according to their intellectual ability. This is only one aspect of their total personality. We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic ability. We also value personal qualities and social skills, and we find that mixed ability teaching contributes to all these aspects of learning.
In our classrooms, we work in various ways. The pupils often work in groups: this gives them the opportunity to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills. They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, to analyze and evaluate, and to communicate effectively. The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.
Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual tasks and assignments, and they can do this at their own speed. They also have some formal class teaching when this is proper. We encourage our pupils to use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this efficiently. And advanced pupil can do advanced work. It doesn’t matter what age the child is. We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to obtain this goal.
1.By “held back” (the underlined part of the first sentence) the author means “______”.
A．drawn to their studies B．prevented from advancing
C．made to remain in the same class D．forced to study in the lower class
2.The author argues that a teacher’s chief concern should be the development of the pupil’s ______.
A．total personality B．intellectual ability
C．personal qualities D．communicative skills
3.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the third paragraph?
A．Pupils also learn to develop their reasoning abilities.
B．Pupils also learn how to participate in teaching activities.
C．Group work gives pupils the opportunity to learn to work together with others.
D．Group work provides pupils with the opportunity to learn to be good organizers.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届山东省高三第一学段检测英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Children brought up on healthy diets are more intelligent compared with their junk food eating partners, a new research suggests.
Kids fed a diet packed high in fats, sugars, and processed(加工) foods had lower IQs than those fed pasta(意大利面食), salads and fruit, it was found.
The effect is so great that researchers from the University of Bristol said those children with a “healthier” diet may get an IQ improvement.
Scientists stressed good diet was essential in a child’s early as the brain grows at its fastest rate during the first three years of life.
This indicated head growth at this time is linked to intellectual ability and “it is possible that good nutrition(营养)during this period may encourage excellent brain growth”
Scientists tracked the long term health and happiness of around 14,000 children born in 1991 and 1992 as part of the West Country’s Avon Longitudinal(纵向的)Study of Parents and Children(ALSPAC).
Parents were questioned about the types and frequency of the food and drink their children consumed when they were three, four, seven and eight and a half years old. According to their different changing form, these children were marked and given grades which ranged from minus two for the most healthy to 10 for the most unhealthy.
In the research, IQ was measured of 4,000 children when they were eight and half years old, using a validated(经过认证的)test-the Wechsler Intelligence Scale(韦氏儿童智力量表)for Children.
The results found after taking account of some influential factors, a leading processed food diet at the age of three was associated with a lower IQ at the age of eight and a half, whether the diet was improved after that age.
Every 1 point increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a 1.67 fall in IQ.
1. Scientists stressed good diet was essential in a child’s early life because .
|
A．the brain grows at its fastest rate during the first three years of life. |
|
B．those children with a “healthier” diet must get an IQ improvement. |
|
C．children brought up on healthy diets are less intelligent. |
|
D．these children were given good grades. |
2. Which of the following in NOT true?
|
A．Those children with a “healthier” diet may get an IQ improvement. |
|
B．Good nutrition at any stage may encourage excellent brain growth. |
|
C．Scientists tracked the long term health and happiness of about 14,000 children. |
|
D．Every 1 point increase in dietary pattern score was associated with a 1.67 fall in IQ. |
3. The recults found if a child ate a leading processed food diet when he was 3, he would .
|
A．have a higher IQ |
|
B．have a higher IQ as long as he improved his diet |
|
C．have one IQ when he was 8 |
|
D．have a lower IQ whether he improved his diet |
4. Parents were questioned except when their children were years old.
|
A．3 |
B．4 |
C．7 |
D．8 |
5. What is the best title of the passage?
|
A．Food for thought |
|
B．What is healthy food? |
|
C．Healthy diet improves children’s intelligence |
|
D．How to become clever? |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015届云南省高一上学期9月月考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Remember those big, colorful books with large pictures of balls or apples when you were a little kid? Those have proven to be helpful, according to a number of studies. Between 1 and 5 years old, introducing books to Children can help greatly because this is usually the age when intellectual (智力的) capabilities form.
At age 1 to 5, a child can decide whether he wants to learn or wants to be a good learner. The road to learning starts here. Their curiosity (好奇) and imagination are fed with the many pictures, sounds and colors in the books.
Children normally began school at 5 years old. But today, they go to school when they are as young as one and a half years old. This is because many parents have recognized that influencing the child's formative years (性格形成时期) is very important. The fight influence can make the child want to read in the future.
Parents should play a part in encouraging children to read. Even just reading them bedtime stories can help children feel the joy and amazement connected to reading. This can help them become better readers and better learners as they grow older.
If children are interested in reading books rather than watching television, they can improve many skills besides reading and learning. Books can act as stepping stones to intelligence. However, parents must be very careful not to overpower their children. If they force children to read books that are too hard to understand, they might think reading is boring and lose interest in it.
1.. This passage mainly ______.
|
A．advises kids to spend less time watching TV |
|
B．explains why reading is good for us |
|
C．tells us that reading is good for children |
|
D．suggests that parents spend more time with their kids |
2..Why does introducing books to kids between 1 and 5 years old help them greatly?
|
A．Because this is a good way to keep them away from television. |
|
B．Because it makes them become interested in going to school. |
|
C．Because it helps them learn much faster when they are older. |
|
D．Because it is usually the age when intellectual capabilities form. |
3..It is implied in the passage that _____.
|
A．the writer read a lot of books when he was a child |
|
B．parents should never force their children to do anything |
|
C．the formative years may begin at one and a half years old |
|
D．a child's formative years are earlier than before |
4..In the writer’s opinion, _____.
|
A．children should read all kinds of books |
|
B．children should only read books with pictures |
|
C．books can help children become cleverer |
|
D．bedtime stories make children love their parents more |
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