Question

It is common to consider learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human learning occurs outside the classroom, even from birth and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to communicate with their parents, grandparents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics. They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for communicating with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to deal with the many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other human-service workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors. Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to affect the behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain. Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this storage takes place, and how the brain later outputs knowledge when we need it. In contrast, psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes as a result of a person’s experiences

1. 1.
   The author thinks “Learning”in the passage most refers to_________
   1. A.
      life-long learning
   2. B.
      family learning
   3. C.
      learning after graduation
   4. D.
      behavior learning
2. 2.
   The underlined siblings in the second paragraph probably means______
   1. A.
      teachers
   2. B.
      classmates
   3. C.
      doctors
   4. D.
      brothers or sisters
3. 3.
   Which period of children’ life does they begin to how to behave well according to the passage?
   1. A.
      After they go int society
   2. B.
      Before they enter school
   3. C.
      When they are at school
   4. D.
      Before they are born
4. 4.
   Which of the following is WRONG according to the passage?
   1. A.
      As a matter of fact, learning begins with formal school education
   2. B.
      Teachers need to understand the best ways to educate their students
   3. C.
      People need to understand how certain experiences change their behaviors
   4. D.
      Employers should study the principles of learning to manage their workers well
5. 5.
   The author tries to tell us ______in the last paragraph
   1. A.
      learning is closely related to memory and experience
   2. B.
      psychologists are interested in the wat the brain stores knowledge
   3. C.
      psychologists are more interested in a person’s behavior
   4. D.
      the relationship between learning, brain and behavior

Answer 1

ADCAD
1.判断作者思想观点题。文章第一段，“人们通常认为学习是发生在学校里的事，但人们所学的很多东西是教室外的东西，甚至从出生就已经开始，并且学习贯穿的人的一生。”可见，作者认为学习是一生的学习，终身的学习。故答案为A。
2.词义猜测题。分析siblings前后的词语parents, grandparents, friends, 可以推出siblings的意思不可能是doctors, 再由下文 “When they enter school, ….”,可以推出此时他们还不是学生, siblings的意思也不可能是teachers, classmates, 故可以排除A、B、C三项。Siblings的意思为 “兄弟姐妹”。
3.句意理解题。文章第三段中 “When they enter school,…They learn which behaviors are likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished.”可知，孩子们学习什么样的行为可能得到奖励，什么样的行为可能受到惩罚, 也就是孩子们在这个阶段应该学会怎样举止得当。故答案为C。
4.正误判断题。由文章第二段首句 “Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their hands to use toys, food, and other objects.”可知，学习是从儿童时期开始的，A项表述错误，符合题意，为正确答案。B、C、D三项分别从文章第三段的二、三、四句找到明确的表述。
5.段落大意题。文章最后一段，“研究记忆的心理学家们对于大脑如何储存知识，这种储存发生在什么时候，以及当我们需要这些知识时大脑如何想起来等等问题很感兴趣。比较而言，研究学习的心理学家们则对于行为以及由于人们的经历怎样改变了行为等问题更感兴趣。”可见，本段主要讲述了两类心理学家以及他们所感兴趣的问题。涉及到了学习、大脑和行为的关系。