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A recent study, published in last week’s Journal of the American Medical Association, offers a picture of how risky it is to get a life from a teenage driver. Indeed, a 16-year-old driver with three or more passengers is three times as likely to have a fatal(致命的)accident as a teenager driving alone. By contrast(相比之下), the risk of death for drivers between 30 and 59 decreases with each additional passenger.

The author also found that the death rates for teenage drivers increased dramatically after 10 p.m., and especially after midnight, with passengers in the car, the driver was even more likely to die in a late-night accident.

Robert Foss, a scientist at the University of North Carolina Highway Safety Research Center, says the higher death rates for teenage drivers have less to do with “really stupid behavior” than with just a lack of driving experience. “The basic issue.” he says, “is that adults who are responsible for issuing licenses fail to recognize how complex and skilled a task driving is.”

Both he and the author of the study believe that the way to mitigate (使……缓解)the problem is to have states institute(规定)so-called graduated(分档次)licensing systems, in which getting a license is a multistage(多阶段)process. A graduated license requires that a teenager first prove himself capable of driving in the presence of an adult, followed by a period of driving with night of passenger restrictions, before graduating to full driving privileges.

Graduated licensing systems have reduced teenage driver crashes, according to recent studies, About half of the states now have some sort of graduated licensing system in place, but only 10 of those states have restrictions on passengers, California is the strictest, with a novice(新手)driver prohibited from carrying any passenger under 20(without the presence of an adult over 25)for the first six months.

1.Which of the following situations is most dangerous according to the passage?

A.Adults giving a lift to teenagers on the highway after 10 p.m.

B.A teenager driving after midnight with passengers in the car.

C.Adults driving with three or more teenage passengers late at night.

D.A teenager getting a lift from a stranger on the highway at midnight.

2.According to Paragraph 3. which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.Teenagers should spend more time learning to drive.

B. Driving is a skill too complicated for teenagers to learn.

C.Restrictions should be imposed on teenagers applying to take driving lessons.

D.The licensing authorities are partly responsible for teenagers’ driving accidents.

3.A suggested measure to be taken to reduce teenagers’ driving accidents is that          .

A.driving in the presence of an adult should be made a rule

B.they should be prohibited from taking on passengers

C.they should not be allowed to drive after 10 p.m.

D.the licensing system should be improved

4.A graduated license is issued to a driver who               .

       A.is at least a middle school graduate

       B.has learned driving at a driving school

       C.gains full driving rights step by step

       D.had a driving experience long enough

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D

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