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Health researchers have noticed that some groups of people are more consistently healthy than others, and wondered…Is it race?Income?Where you live?In the United States, these disagreements in health outcomes have been the focus of intense research for the past several decades．
Harvard University health policy researcher Ellen Meara says scholars have found some clues as to why some groups of people have more or less disease than others．She says one important factor in people's health is the amount of education they have．
In her most recent paper, Meara looked at data from the United States census．These counts of people occur every 10 years．Meara and her colleagues examined data from several decades．
“
We looked at life expectancy(预测寿命)at age 25,”Meara says．“
How many additional years can you expect to live if you arrive at age 25 and your education has stopped at high school, or sooner?Versus how many years, can you expect to live if you've reached aged 25 and you've gone on to at least some college…”Meara says they found that in 1990, a 25-year-old who only had some secondary school could expect to live for a total of 75 years．In 2000, a 25 year old with some secondary education could also expect to live to the age of 75．
In contrast, for a better educated 25-year-old, they could expect to live to the age of 80 in 1990．Someone with a similar education level in the year 2000, could expect to live to be more than 81 years, 81.6 years to be exact．
Meara says, not only do better-educated people live longer to begin with, but in the past ten years, more educated people has made gains in the length of their lives．Meanwhile, the life expectancy hasn't changed for less educated people．
Some of these gains can be explained．Meara says researchers know that people who are more educated are more likely to quit smoking cigarettes, or not start at all, compared to people with less education．
“
I think it's a reminder not to be satisfactory,”Meara says．“Just because a population overall appears to be getting healthier, it doesn't always mean that those advantages and successes that many people have enjoyed really extend into all parts of the population．And I think that's something to really pay attention to regardless of whether you live in the US or elsewhere．”Meara points out that education can often determine income - people with more education frequently make more money．This makes them aware of health care, and purchase other resources and services that can keep them healthier．But the data on income do NOT show that people who make more money are automatically healthier．
Meara says education is key．People need to be educated in order to take advantage of opportunities for better health．
科目：高中英语 来源：江苏省盐城中学2008－2009学年度高一上学期期中考试(英语) 题型：051
任务型阅读
Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution(革命)in office work over the last ten years．Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment．With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are able to do the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them．
The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors(文字处理软件), or WPS as they are often called．40％ of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast．
There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager．The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers．He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss．From a manager’s point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours．
But is it all good?If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed．Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units(显示器)．The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly．It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed．Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them．
Whatever the arguments for and against word processor, they are a key feature(特征)of this revolution in office practice．
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科目：高中英语 来源：北京101中学2008－2009学年高一第二学段模块考试英语 题型：051
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Millions of people travel on New York City’s public transportation systems every day．On the way, many of them hear the sounds of New York’s underground music．The musicians belong to a group called“Music under New York,”but come from countries as far away as China and Chile．
Valerie Zhmud is from Ukraine, where he was trained on the violin．Three days a week, he plays professionally at a restaurant, but sometimes he plays in Grand Central Station．He says he enjoys the crowd．“I love playing for people and making them feel good．They always say, ‘thank you, thank you’, so it’s really nice．”
The program started in 1985 as part of a wider project called“Arts for Transit”．Every year, a group of judges select musicians from hundreds of applicants(申请者)．Last year, the judges chose 26 out of 200 applicants．Lydia Bradshaw, who works for the New York City Metropolitan Transit System, says that the music improves the atmosphere．“It’s to encourage the use of mass transportation and improve the environment for travelers,”says Bradshaw．
“Music under New York”also acts as a point of contact(联系)for the musicians, allowing people interested in them to get in touch with them and maybe even book them for shows．Jeremiah Lockwood started playing blues in the subway at a young age．Now he has a record deal．“It gives you a stage on which you can say anything you want to say．Also, you make an immediate connection with people．You have to attract the audience yourself,”he said．
Catching their dollars may be harder, as busy New Yorkers often rush by．But for those who stop and listen, a great musical experience awaits．More than 100 musicians are now taking part in the program．
1．Which group do the musicians belong to?
_______________________________________________
2．Who select musicians from hundreds of applicants?
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3．What’s the purpose of the program which is part of the project called“Arts for Transit”．
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4．Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese．
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科目：高中英语 来源：江苏省某重点中学2012届高三上学期12月练习英语试题 题型：053
第四部分：任务型阅读
BEIJING, March 9－The central government will require an additional three years of use for official vehicles for ministers(部长)and governors(政府官员)to reduce the costs of purchasing new cars, media have reported．
The new rule has been applied among all Party and government departments nationwide, the Beijing News reported on Tuesday．The new rule had not yet been made public, said Li, a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference National Committee．Under the old rules, the cars used by minister-level officials could be replaced as often as every five years, Li said．These officials will also continue to use the same cars when they take new posts, he added．
The new rule also reiterated(重申)that officials ranking below minister-or governor-levels should not be allocated cars．The cars possessed by their departments should be used on demand．
“It violates the rules for lower-ranking-even county-level-officials to be allocated cars,” Li said．
Purchases of vehicles for official use have been heavily investigated, as they account for a large expenditure of public funds every year．
A survey on the Web news www．Ifeng．com found 64 percent of respondents believed the new rule will be difficult to obey because it is related to officials’ interests．
“Local government departments had stopped approvals for requests for such vehicles and had started to limit the number of such cars under the new rules,” Li said．“The future reform of official vehicle use will introduce market systems” Li said．
Premier Wen Jiabao said in the annual government work report on Saturday that expenditures on such vehicles will not increase in 2011 compared with a year ago．
Beijing’s standing deputy mayor Ji Lin last week said the municipal government will release the number of vehicles for official use in the capital as early as at the end of this month．
Earlier this month, the Ministry of Finance had published a rule regulating the budgets for such vehicles．
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科目：高中英语 来源：河南省宜阳一高2011－2012学年高一3月月考英语试题 题型：053
任务型阅读
The sea has always interested man．From it he can get food, minerals, and treasure． 1 But he could not go far beneath its surface．
2 However, he is not a fish．He must breathe air, so he can't stay under the water's surface for any length of time．To explore deep water, man faces even more dangers and problems．
A diver who wants to stay under water for more than a few minutes must breathe air or a special mixture of gases． 3 He can carry a tank of air on his back and breathe through a nose and a mouthpiece．Water weighs 800 times as much as air．Tons of water pushes against a diver deep in the sea． 4
When a diver is under great pressure, his blood takes in some of the gases he breathes．As he rises to surface, the water pressure becomes less．If the diver rises too quickly, the gases in his blood form bubbles(气泡)．The diver is then suffering from the bends(潜水夫病)．The bends can cause a diver to double up in pain． 5
A．His body is under great pressure．
B．Scientists are trying to find more about the sea．
C．For thousands of years, he could sail on it．
D．They can even kill him．
E．He can wear a diving suit and have air pumped to him from above．
F．The water pressure can cause a diver to breathe with difficulty．
G．Man wants to explore deep into the sea．
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科目：高中英语 来源：甘肃省兰州一中2010届高三上学期期末考试英语试题 题型：054
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