3．Six years ago，a Miami woman walking through the hall of an office building casually noticed two men standing together．Several minutes after her leaving，the men murdered a person working in the building．Police investigators determined that the woman was the only witness who had seen the two suspects，and could possibly describe them．In an interview with police，her memory of the men proved disappointingly unclear．
Several days later，psychologist Ronald P．Fisher was brought in to get a more complete description from the woman．Fisher's interview produced a breakthrough （突破）-the woman reported a clear picture of one of the suspects．She then recalled several details about his appearances．This information gave police important leads that enabled them to arrest the suspects and close the case．
Police investigators found the help from Fisher because of his rich knowledge in conducting the so-called cognitive （认知的） interview，a kind of memory-rebuilding process．In its original form，the cognitive interview focuses on guiding witnesses through four general recalling techniques：thinking about physical surroundings and personal feelings that existed at the time of past events，reporting everything that comes to mind about those events no matter how broken or unconnected，retelling events in kinds of time orders，beginning to end，end to beginning，forward or backward，and accepting different views while recalling events．
Usually，an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role in recalling information rather than giving answers only to someone else's questions．The witness first describes what happened in his or her own words，with no interviewer interruptions．The interviewer then goes further with specific techniques，such as having the witness tell the details of what happened from different aspects．
Experiments with police detectives trained in this demanding interview method find that they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training，while error rates remain about the same．
56．What is the purpose of this passage？D
A．To give an description of a murder case in an office．
B．To explain why Fisher was invited to a police interview．
C．To describe how cognitive method helps the woman to recall．
D．To give the readers an idea of cognitive interview．
57．The cognitive interview helped the woman to recall more byC．
A．strengthening her memory
B．giving her encouragement
C．rebuilding her memory
D．giving her more time
58．It can be inferred from the passage that in a cognitive interview，the interviewer mainly plays aArole．
A．directing B．questioning C．disappointing D．interrupting
59．What is the key point of the cognitive interview？B
A．The interviewer should interrupt the witness from time to time．
B．The witness is encouraged to take an active role in recalling information．
C．The interview should take place outside the police station．
D．The witness should recall details at the scene of the event．
60．Police trained in the cognitive interview method canA．
A．get more information from the witness than before
B．decrease the error rate
C．solve the cases more quickly
D．use the method more skillfully than the psychologists．
分析 本文写了一个妇女目击了一次谋杀，作为证人被警方询问很多的细节都不是很清楚了，办案民警发现根据Fisher的帮助进行所谓的认知知识面试，得到突破．
解答 56．D．主旨大意题．全文的关键词the cognitive interview（the interview）虽然并未在文章一开头就出现，但在以后的段落中反复出现，因此选项D能概括本文主题．选项A是第l段涉及的内容，只是本文的引子；选项B是第2段所涉及的内容；选项C是作者为了介绍cognitive interview而使用的例子，并非全文的目的．所以答案是D．
57．C．推理判断题．根据第3段第1句逗号后的结构a kind of memory-rebuilding process可推断出答案为C．选项B在倒数第2段第l句提及，但"鼓励"只是认知访谈的第一个步骤，所以不符合题意．选项A和D文章没有提及．故答案选C．
58．A．推理判断题．从第3段第l句提到妁conducting和第2句中的guiding两个词看来，可知认知访谈中访问者主要是引导受访者，也就是选项A．倒数第2段第1句rather than后的分句已说明受访者不只是回答问题，所以可以推断选项B错误．文中虽有提及受访者要play an active role，但并不等于说访问者是被动或次要角色，故选项C和D不对．所以答案选A．
59．B．事实细节题．文章第4段第l句an interviewer begins the cognitive approach by encouraging the witness to take an active role 指出了面试者通过鼓励证人来积极参与信息的传递，选项A与该段第2句相悖，选项C和D文中并未提及，所以答案选B．
60．A．细节理解题．最后一段是一个宾语从句，该宾语从句they get nearly 50% more information from witnesses than before training他们从证人那里得到的信息比训练前多出近50%，表明选项A正确，所以答案选A．
点评 阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释．考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点．
