Question

 Freezing weather can mean frostbite and hypothermia (体温过低) unless a person is prepared. The follow-ing is about how to stay warm,dry and safe.

Frostbite is damage that happens when skin is exposed to extreme cold for too long. It mainly happens on the hands,feet,nose and ears.

    People with minor cases of frostbite that affect only the skin may not suffer any permanent damage. But if deeper tissue is affected,a person is likely to feel pain every time the area gets cold.

    If blood vessels are damaged,people can suffer a gangrene   infection. Sometimes the only way doctors can treat an injury like this is to remove frostbitten areas like fingers and toes.

  Hypothermia is a condition that develops when the body cannot produce as much heat as it releases. Signs of hypothermia include uncontrollable shaking,very slow breathing and difficulty thinking clearly. Hypothermia can lead to death if the person does not receive help.

   To avoid cold-related injuries,here is a simple way to remember four basic steps to staying warm. Think of COLD— C. O. L. D.

   The C stands for cover. Wear a hat and a scarf to keep heat from escaping through the head,neck and ears. And wear mittens instead of gloves. In gloves,the fingers are separated,so the hands might not stay as warm as they would in mittens.

     The O stands for overexertion. Avoid activities that will make you sweaty. Wet clothes and cold weather are a dangerous combination.

     L is for layers. Wearing loose,lightweight clothes,one layer on top of another,is better than wearing a single heavy layer of clothing. Make sure outerwear is made of material that is water-resistant and tightly knit.

    D is for dry. In other words,stay as dry as possible. Pay attention to the places where snow can enter clothing. These include the tops of boots,the necks of coats and the wrist areas of mittens or gloves.

     And here are two other things to keep in mind—one for children and the other for adults. Eating snow might be fun but it lowers the body's temperature. And drinking alcohol might make a person feel warm. But what it really does is weaken the body's ability to hold heat.

41. Why does frostbite mainly happen on the hands,feet,nose and ears,according to the passage?

   A. Because these parts cannot produce as much heat as they release.

   B. Because these parts often uncontrollably shake.

   C. Because these parts are usually wet.

   D. Because the skin of these parts is sometimes exposed to extreme cold for too long.

42. Which of following would be the best title of the passage?

   A. How to Stay Warm,Dry and Safe

   B. What Is Frostbite

   C. What Is Hypothermia

   D. Think of COLD— C.O .L.D.

43. What does the underlined word “mittens” in Paragraph 7 mean in this passage?

   A. They are gloves where the fingers are separated.

   B. They are gloves where the fingers are not separated.

   C. They are gloves which are thicker and warmer than ordinary ones.

   D. They are gloves in which one layer is on top of another.

44. Which of the following is NOT a good way to keep warm in freezing weather?

   A. To wear a hat and a scarf.

   B. To wear mittens.

   C. To wear loose,lightweight clothes,one layer on top of another.

   D. To drink alcohol.

45. Eating snow is not what children should do in freezing weather because .

   A. eating snow may make you frostbitten

   B. eating snow may make your clothes wet

   C. eating snow may lead to death if the person does not receive help

   D. eating snow may lower the body's temperature

Answer 1

41. D 42. A 43. B 44. D 45. D

41. D解析：细节理解题。从文章的第二段 可以看出，冻伤之所以主要发生在手、脚、 耳、鼻等部位，是因为这些部位的皮肤暴露 在极冷的天气中的时间太长。故选D.

42. A解析：主旨大意题.，文章的第一段明 确T全文的主旨大意，就是about how to stay warm,dry and safe。故选 A.其他各 选项都是文章各部分的内容，不能概括 主旨。

43. B解析：词义猜测题。画线词所在的段 落中，把mittens与gloves进行对比。之所 以建议戴mittens而不建议戴gloves,是因 为在gloves中，手指是分散的，不够保暖。 由此判断，在mittens中，手指是并拢的。 故选B.

44. D解析：细节理解题。文章的最后一段 提到喝酒可能会使人感觉温暖，但是它减 弱人体的保暖能力，所以不是极寒天气保 暖的方法。而其他三项都是好的御寒方 法。故选D.

45. D解析：细节理解题。文章的最后一段 提到尽管吃雪给孩子带来快乐，但是它会 降低体温。故选D.