6.In a research on the effect of the transport sector(运输领域)on climate,it proves that road traffic contributes the most to global warming.The aviation(航天)sector has the second largest warming effect while shipping has a cooling effect on the Earth's Climate.
The study concludes that since pre-industrial times,15%of CO₂emissions(排放量) made by humans have come from the transport sector.The study implies that more attention needs to be paid to the fast growing road sector.Looking only at CO₂emissions,road traffic alone has led to two-thirds of the warming caused by total transport emissions.The reason why road transport tops the list is mainly due to the large number of vehicles on the roads and the smaller cooling effect from their emissions.The researchers said that the road emissions of today will make Up three quarters of the warming caused by transport over the next hundred years.
Following road transport,aviation is the second largest transport contributor to global warming.However,the historical contribution from aviation emissions to global warming is more than doubled the contribution from road emissions.In fact,over the next 100years,today's road emissions will have a climate effect that is four times higher than the climate effect from today's aviation emissions.
For shipping,the picture is more complicated.Until now,shipping has had a cooling effect on climate.This is because shipping produces a large amount of S02,which has a cooling effect.However,although the gas,until now,has given the shipping industry a cooling effect,this effect will disappear after a while,as the gas doesn't last long in the atmosphere.The long-lived CO₂will dominate(占优势),giving shipping a warming effect in the long run.
In general,the transport sector's contribution to global warming will be continuously high in the future.
53.What can we learn about road traffic?D
A.It has the second largest warming effect on climate.
B.It produces l5%of all CO₂into the air every year.
C.It created more CO₂emissions than aviation in history.
D.Its CO₂emissions will probably increase in future.
54.Shipping has a cooling effect becauseC.
A.shipping conditions have been improved
B.the amount of ships at sea is small
C.it produces a gas which has a cooling effect
D.the gas it produces can absorb CO₂
55.The underlined phrase in paragraph 4probably means"A".
A.after a long time B.in a tiring race
C.all the time D.during a long voyage
56.The passage mainly talks aboutB.
A.the effect of CO₂0n global climate
B.the effect from traffic on global warming
C.how to choose a green way to travel
D.why transport produces so much CO₂
分析 本文是一篇健康环保类的调查报告;报告调查了运输领域对天气的影响:道路交通对全球变暖的影响是最大的,二氧化碳的排放量占据了运输领域的2/3,在随后的一百多年这个数据会上涨到3/4;航空排列第二;船泊运输情形比较复杂,因为它产生的二氧化硫能够降温,但是这种降温的效果很快就会消失,船运最终也会对大气产生增温的作用;
解答 53.D.细节理解题.根据第二段中的第三句"road traffic alone has led to two-thirds of the warming caused by total transport emissions由运输行业导致的变暖,单独道路交通就起了2/3的作用"和最后一句中的"the road emissions of today will make up three quarters of the warming caused by transport over the next hundred years在随后的一百年中道路交通排放的二氧化碳会占据3/4"可知道路交通释放出的二氧化碳在将来很可能继续增加.
54.C.细节理解题.根据倒数第二段第三句中"This is because shipping produces a large amount of S02,which has a cooling effect.这是因为船泊运输产生大量的二氧化硫,有冷却作用"可知船运释放出的二氧化硫气体具有冷却作用.
55.A.猜测词义题.结合画线部分上一句后半部分中"this effect will disappear after a while,as the gas doesn't last long in the atmosphere.这种(冷却)作用一会儿就消失了,因为这种气体在大气中不能持久"以及画线部分所在句的内容可推知"从长期来看"占优势的二氧化碳将使得船运产生加温影响.
56.B.主旨大意题.本文是一篇研究报道,第一段是文章的中心段,根据第一段的内容再结合全文内容可知文章主要讨论的是交通对全球变暖的影响.
点评 调查报告或者研究报告类的阅读理解目的在于与读者分享新的发现,第一段往往是主题段,而文章的结尾处往往有论点或发现的概括,或研究的弊端、或研究的后续方向,所以读这类文章的时候要特别关注首段和尾段.解题的过程中强调整体把握的基础上依据原文细节推敲推断.