12．Culture shock is so named because of the effect it has on people when they enter a new culture．Experts have been interested in these effects and have agreed on five basic stages of culture shock．These stages are general and should only be used as a reference．Not every individual will go through each stage，and one stage may last longer than another for different individuals．
The hardest thing for most travelers to deal with is the emotional"roller coaster"they seem to be riding．One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture，and the next moment very negative．It seems common that international visitors and immigrants vacillate between loving and hating a new country．Feelings of separation and alienation can be intensified if they do not have a sense of fitting in or belonging．
Extreme tiredness is another problem people face when entering a new culture．There can be a sense of a greater need for sleep．This is due not only to physical tiredness，but also to mental fatigue．This mental fatigue comes from straining to comprehend the language，and coping with new situations．
The impact of culture shock can vary from person to person．There can be significant differences because some people may be better prepared to enter a new culture．Four factors which play into these are personality，language ability，length of stay，and the emotional support received．
It is logical to think that when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented．One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home．Pictures，wall hangings，favorite utensils，and keepsakes（纪念品）are all good candidates to make things feel more familiar．Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time．Even better is fitting things that were part of the regular routine back in the home country into the routine established in the new culture．This will make people feel more at home．
53．A person experiencing"culture shock"is mostly likeD．
A．a dog without shelter B．a bird back home
C．a horse lack of training D．a fish out of water
54．What does the underlined word"vacillate"in the second paragraph mean？A
A．hesitate B．stop C．watch D．suffer
55．What is the result for one experiencing"culture shock"？D
A．Seeming to be riding a roller coater．
B．Having to agree on five basic stages．
C．Having all home things taken abroad．
D．Suffering both physically and mentally．
56．To overcome"culture shock"，one had betterA．
A．make some necessary changes in one's way of life
B．recall part of regular routine in the home country
C．buy a few reminders like pictures or wall hangers
D．enjoy things brought from home country more often．
分析 本文是一篇说明文．主要阐述了有关文化冲击的问题．文化冲击影响着人们，且会经历许多阶段． 对不同的个体经历的阶段可能会长于另一个人．对大多数旅行者来说最难处理的是情绪上的波动，在面对一个新国家时，爱与憎恨犹豫不决，分离和疏远愈加强烈．对新的文化，产生身体和精神上的疲劳；对文化冲击的影响因人而异，个性，语言能力，时间长短，个人的情绪等．也有一些方法可以解决新文化所来的冲击．接触一些与家乡有联系的物品/提示物品；进行一些在自己国家养成的习惯活动常规．
解答 53．D 推理判断题．根据第三段中的"Extreme tiredness is another problem people face when entering a new culture"及第五段中的"when people are deprived of their familiar surroundings they will feel disoriented"可知，当人们面临新文化的影响和冲击时，身心会受到很大影响和不适，会失去判断力，分不清方向或目标，就如同离开了水的鱼．故选D．
54．A 词义猜测题．根据第二段中的"One moment they feel very positive toward the new culture，and the next moment very negative"可知，当人们受不同文化影响时，所呈现的态度时而积极，时而消极，态度摇摆不定，即"犹豫不决"，故选A．
55．D 细节理解题．根据第三段中的"Extreme tiredness is another problem people face when entering a new culture和This is due not only to physical tiredness，but also to mental fatigue"可知，人们受不同的新文化影响时，会遭受身心上的极度倦怠，故选D．
56．A 细节理解题．根据文章最后一段中的"One solution some have found is to bring a few small reminders of home和Another helpful activity is to establish little routines that become familiar over time"可知，为了克服文化冲击，可以有一些方法来应对：接触一些与家乡有联系的物品/提示物品；进行一些在自己国家养成的习惯活动常规．故选A．
点评 解答细节理解题时，一个常用的方法就是运用定位法，即根据题干和选项中的关键词从原文中找到相关的句子，与选项进行比较从而确定答案；推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点．
