Question

【题目】阅读理解。

Encouragement and praise can come in many forms,and some ways are better for children’s development than others.Researchers at the University of Chicago who studied mother-child interactions over the course found that the type of praise children receive affects their attitudes toward challenges later in life.Specifically,praise coming with feedback about their behavior that kids made helped them to deal better with difficult experiences five years later,compared with compliments that focused more on the child himself,like “You’re a good boy.”

“This is something we suspected would be the case based on a lot of experimental research,and it’s exciting to see it plays out in the real world,” says Elizabeth,a professor of psychology at Temple University,who led the study.“Praising the efforts,actions and work of the kid is going to be more beneficial in their long-term persistence and work hard in the future.”

Such “process praise” includes comments such as “You worked really hard” or “You’re doing a great job,” which emphasize the child’s actions.“Person praise” includes comments like “You’re so smart” or “You’re so good,” which focus on a child’s inherent qualities.These distinctions aren’t new in the field of psychology,but exactly how they affect children’s development over the years hasn’t been clear.

As part of the study,researchers visited the homes of more than 50 toddlers between the age of 1 and 3 years old,and filmed their daily interactions with their parents during multiple 90-minute sessions.Five years later,the researchers followed up with the families,using questionnaires to measure the children’s attitudes toward challenges and problem solving.The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge,and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems.While person praise didn’t seem to have any negative effect on the children,process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved,while person praise sends the message that their abilities are fixed and therefore not easily changed.

【1】Which of the following statements is NOT true?

A.Praising inspires kids to form good personal quality.

B.Praising kids is tested to be effective in the long run.

C.The process of praising kids experiment is suspected.

D.The praising experiment is carried out in real situation.

【2】The underlined word “distinctions” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to .

A.condition B.differences

C.exception D.appearance

【3】From the last paragraph we can learn that .

A.kids should not be praised too frequently

B.different kids should be praised differently

C.process praise is less effective as we expected

D.kids with process praise tend to be more creative

【4】What is the main purpose of the passage?

A.To introduce a better way to praise kids.

B.To compare two different praising ways.

C.To predict the result of process praising.

D.To report the way of praising experiment.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】C

【2】B

【3】D

【4】A

【解析】

试题分析：

【1】细节理解题。C项与第二段第一句表达不符,故选C项。

【2】词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句及第二句的句意可得知:作者是在比较两种表扬方式的差异:过程式表扬关注孩子的行为,而个人表扬更强调孩子的本性。因此是关于不同点的描述,故选B项。

【3】推理判断题。根据最后一段第三句“The children who grew up with more process praise were more open to challenge,and could identify more ways of overcoming difficult problems”及第四句“...process praise teaches children that their talents and abilities can be developed and improved...”可推断出:过程式的表扬可以使孩子更具创造力。

【4】主旨大意题。文章的中心思想和主题大意出现在第一段及最后一段,本文主要介绍一种更佳的表扬方式,因此选A项。B项和D项未抓住重点,本文并不是主要比较两种表扬方式的异同及介绍表扬的过程,C项未提及。