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    【题目】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当单词的或括号内单词的正确形式。

    Scientists found that air pollution may be responsible 【1】 a big reduction in 【2】 (intelligent). Research showed that air pollution led to big falls in test 【3】 (score) for languages and mathematics. The study called "The influence of air pollution on cognitive (认知的)performance"【4】(conduct) over four years ago. Researchers analyzed speaking and mathematics tests 【5】 (take) by 20,000 people of all ages. They said, "Polluted air may do harm to cognitive ability as people become older. "

    The study is a warning to the rest of the world ,【6】(particular) those in cities. Over 91 percent of the world population live in areas with polluted air,【7】 is the fourth biggest cause of global deaths. Researchers discovered that the 【8】(long) people were exposed to polluted air, the greater their cognitive ability went down. They said air pollution caused a year' s worth of lost education. For those aged over 60, this could be several years. A researcher warned, "There 【9】be) no shortcut to solve this issue. Governments really need to take effective measures 【10】(reduce) air pollution. "

    【答案】

    【1】for

    【2】intelligence

    【3】scores

    【4】was conducted

    【5】taken

    【6】particularly

    【7】which

    【8】longer

    【9】is

    【10】to reduce

    【解析】

    这是一篇说明文。一项研究表明空气污染会导致人的智力降低。文章用研究结果来证明该研究，并呼吁政府采取措施解决这一问题。

    【1】考查介词。此处考查短语be responsible for“对……负责”，故填for。

    【2】考查名词。此处应填intelligent的名词作为in的宾语，故填intelligence。

    【3】考查名词的数。score“分数”是可数名词，结合语境判断此处用复数形式，故填scores。

    【4】考查时态和语态。此处是句子谓语动词，由over four years ago判断为一般过去时，又主语the study和conduct之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填was conducted。

    【5】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处是非谓语动词作后置定语，tests和take之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填taken。

    【6】考查副词。结合句意可知，此处意为“尤其”，其表达是particularly，故填particularly。

    【7】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是非限制性定语从句的关系词，先行词polluted air在从句中充当主语，故用关系代词which，故填which。

    【8】考查形容词比较级。此处考查固定句型“the + 比较级， the + 比较级”越……；越……，故填longer。

    【9】考查主谓一致。此处是句子谓语动词，本文讲述一般事实，故用一般现在时，主语shortcut是单数，故填is。

    【10】考查非谓语动词。此处考查短语take measures to do sth.“采取措施做某事”，用不定式作目的状语，故填to reduce。

    第7小题考查定语从句关系词。确定定语从句关系词一般分为三步：找出先行词；分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分；考虑特殊情况。以本题为例：

    找出先行词：polluted air

    分析先行词在从句中充当什么成分：polluted air在从句is the fourth biggest cause of global deaths.中充当主语，应用关系代词

    考虑特殊情况：非限制性定语从句中不用that

    故填which

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