In the 18th and 19th century, scientists _______ the world _______ many important discoveries.
[ ]
A．across, invented
B．throughout, made
C．all over, gave
D．over, had
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英才计划期末调研系列答案科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年辽宁省沈阳二中高二12月月考英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Often we take for granted the many household items we use every day. It is difficult to imagine there was a time in the past when these inventions did not exist. Actually, several of the most common inventions have been with us for quite some time. Inventions like toothbrush, contact lenses（隐形眼镜）, and credit cards came into use long ago.
The first toothbrush was introduced in China in the late 1400s but it was only 300 years later that this simple tool came into common use in Europe. By the nineteenth century, a variety of paste and powder cleaners were available throughout Europe as dental(牙齿的) care became more widespread. The first tube of toothpaste hit the market in Great Britain in 1891.
There is evidence to show that the first contact lenses were actually suggested by an astronomer, Sir John Herschel, in 1827. However, SirJohn Herschel was never able to create a working model of his idea. It was not until 1887 that a Swiss doctor from Zurich, Dr. Eugen Frick, came up with a workable process for producing precision (精密)lenses. Dr. Frick designed a new method for producing contact lenses,and the Zeiss factory in Germany began to produce contact lenses.
Credit cards have also been available for many years. They have been in use in the United States since the 1920s. At first, these cards were only used to buy gas in the quickly growing automobile service industry. Then, in the 1950s, Diners Club introduced the first general-purpose credit card. Today, credit cards such as Master Card, Visa, and American Express are commonly used by travelers around the world.
While it may be true that some of the greatest inventions and discoveries in history came about by chance, the majority of inventions that simplify our lives today came about through careful research and patient study. Of course, it still holds true that even with all the comforts of modern technology, inventors continue to search for ways of helping all of us get out of doing those necessary but tedious (乏味的) tasks which we still face. As the old saying goes, “Necessity is the mother of invention.”
【小题1】From the second paragraph we can learn that _____.
| A．toothbrushes came into common use in Europe in the 17th century |
| B．people could enjoy a variety of paste and powder cleaners in the 18th century |
| C．more and more people paid attention to dental care throughout Europe in the 19th century |
| D．the English could use different kinds of tubes of toothpaste in the early 19th century |
| A．Diners Club | B．Sir John Herschel |
| C．Dr Eugen Frick | D．the Zeiss factory |
| A．the greatest inventions came about by chance |
| B．inventions came about through careful research and patient study |
| C．inventors still continue to make inventions |
| D．necessity is the mother of invention |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2015届宁夏高一下学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
How Americans Began to Eat Tomatoes
People have strange ideas about food. For example, the tomato is a kind of very
delicious vegetable. It is one of useful plants that can be prepared in many ways. It has rich nutrition and vitamin in it. But in the 18th century, Americans never ate tomatoes. They grow them in their gardens because tomato plants are so pretty. But they thought the vegetable was poisonous (有毒的). They called tomatoes “poison apples”.
President Thomas Jefferson, however, knew that tomatoes were good to eat. He was a learned man. He had been to Paris, where he learned to love the taste of tomatoes. He grew many kinds of tomatoes in his garden. The President taught his cook a way for a cream of tomato soup. This beautiful pink soup was served at the President’s party. The guests thought the soup tasted really good. They never thought their president would serve his honored guests poison apples. Jefferson never spoke to his honored (尊贵的) guests about the fact.
1.After you read the passage, which of the following do you think is true?
A．Americans never ate tomatoes after they began to plant them.
B．American didn’t eat tomatoes before the 19th century.
C．Even now Americans don’t eat tomatoes
D．In the 18th century Americans ate a lot of tomatoes.
2.The passage tells us that Jefferson was a President who learned to love the taste of tomatoes.
A．while he was in Paris .
B．when he was a little boy.
C．the President ’s cook.
D．the President’s wife.
3.According to the text, ________cooked the beautiful pink soup at the President ’s party?
A．the President himself.
B．A French cook
C．the President ’s cook
D．the President’s wife
4.The underlined word “cook”in paragraph2 means_______
A．厨房 B．厨师 C．厨具 D．做饭
5.From the passage we know all the honored guests invited by Jefferson were______.
A．people from other countries B．from France
C．People of his own country D．men only
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届陕西省高二下学期期末考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
People have strange ideas about food. For example, the tomato is a kind of very delicious vegetable. It is one of useful plants that can be prepared in many ways. It has rich nutrition and vitamin in it. But in the 18th century, Americans never ate tomatoes. They grew them in their gardens because tomato plants are so pretty. But they thought the vegetable was poisonous (有毒的). They called tomatoes “poison apples.”
President Thomas Jefferson, however, knew that tomatoes were good to eat. He was a learned man. He had been to Paris, where he learned to love the taste of tomatoes. He grew many kinds of tomatoes in his garden. The President taught his cook a way for a cream of tomato soup. This beautiful pink soup was served at the President’s party. The guests thought the soup tasted really good. They never thought their president would serve his honored guests poison apples.
Jefferson never spoke to his honored (忠实的) guests about the fact.
1.The passage tells us that Jefferson was a President who learned to love the taste of tomatoes .
A．while he was in Paris B．when he was a little boy
C．because his parents told him so D．from books
2. According to the text, _______ made the beautiful pink soup served at the President’s party?
A．the President himself B．a French cook
C．the President’s cook D．the President’s wife
3. From the passage we know all the honored guests invited by Jefferson were .
A．people from other countries B．from France
C．people of his own country D．men only
4.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
A．All of the guests knew the soup that was served at the President’s party was made of tomatoes.
B．All of the guests thought the soup which was prepared by the President’s cook was nice.
C．All of the guests thought the taste of the beautiful pink soup was nice.
D．None of the guests knew that their president would serve his honored guests poison apples
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届浙江临海白云高级中学高二下学期期中考试英语试卷（解析版） 题型：信息匹配
|
A. Necessity for developing adult education B. Early days of adult education C. Ways of receiving adult education D. Growth of adult education E. Institutions of adult education F. Functions of adult education |
1.Voluntary learning in organized courses by mature men and women is called adult education. Such education is offered to make people able to enlarge and interpret their experience as adults. Adults may want to study something which they missed in earlier schooling, get new skills or job training, find out about new technological developments, seek better self—understanding, or develop new talents and skills.
2.This kind of education may be in the form of self-study with proper guidance through the use of libraries, correspondence courses, or broadcasting. It may also be acquired collectively in schools and colleges, study groups, workshops, clubs, and professional associations.
3.Modern adult education for large numbers of people started in the 18th and 19th centuries with the rise of the Industrial Revolution. Great economic and social changes were taking place: people were moving from rural areas to cities; new types of work were being created in an expanding factory system. These and other factors produced a need for further education and re-education of adults.
4.The earliest programs of organized adult education arose in Great Britain in the 1790s, with the founding of an adult school in Nottingham and a mechanics’ institute in Glasgow. The earliest adult education institution in the United States was founded by Benjamin Franklin and some friends in Philadelphia in 1727.
5.People recognize that continued learning is necessary for most forms of employment today. For example, parts of the adult population in many countries find it necessary to take part in retraining programs at work or even to learn completely new jobs. Adult education programs are springing up constantly to meet these and other needs.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年湖北省黄冈市高三精品模拟试卷（一）英语（解析版） 题型：阅读理解
Advertisement is the difficult business of bringing information to great numbers of people.The purpose of an advertisement is to make people respond to make them react to an idea，such as helping prevent forest fires，or to make them want to buy a certain product or service.At the beginning of the 20th century，advertisement was described as“salesmanship in print”.If this definition were expanded to include radio and television，it would still stand today.The most effective way to sell something is through person-to-person contact.But the cost of person-to-person selling is high because it takes a great deal of time，and it increases the cost of the product or service.Advertising distributes the selling message to many people at one time.The first printed advertisement in the English language appeared in 1278，more than a century before Shakespeare’s first play was produced.This early advertisement was the work of William Caxton，England’s first printer，who used it to advertise religious books from his own workshop Caxton posted small printed notices along London’s main streets．Besides advertising his product，he identified his shop with a red-striped shield(盾形徽章)so that customers could find it easily．
This same sort of simple informational advertising is still used.Examples are the roadside signs that tell travelers that they can buy fresh corn just down the road or that there is a restaurant in the next town.
The Industrial Revolution，in the 18th and 19th centuries，brought a new kind of advertising.Large factories took the place of small workshops and goods were produced in large quantities.
Manufacturers used the newly built railroads to distribute(递送)their products over wide areas.They had to find many thousands of customers in order to stay in business.They couldn’t simply tell people where shoes or cloth or tea could be bought---they had to learn how to make people want to buy a specific product. Thus modern advertising was born．
Advertising created new markets and helped to raise standards of living as people came to feel that they had a right to new and better products.
1.The passage mainly talks about .
A、the development of advertisement
B、the first advertisement in the world
C、the difficulty in advertising
D、the advantages of advertisements
2.Why is advertisement accepted by people?
A、Because it can help to prevent forest fires.
B、Because it cand make people want to buy a certain product or service.
C、Because it can bring information to great numbers of people.
D、Because it can help people live longer.
3.Modern advertisement was born as a result of .
A、the Industrial Revolution
B、the newly built railroads
C、the appearance of the first printer advertisement
D、people’s need
4.We can conclude from the passage that .
A、red-striped shield is the best thing to use in advertising
B、main streets and television are used in advertising
C、person-to-person selling is the best way in advertising
D、people show little interest in advertisement
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