Question

【题目】 Food companies engineer junk food to make it addictive. They label their products to make them seem much healthier than they are. Their advertisements target children. All of this is according to a news report read recently by students in a Texas middle school. They were taking part in an experiment run by the University of Chicago and the University of Texas. “I don't understand how this is even legal, ” said a girl who took part in the study.

Researchers had students learn about food-industry advertising strategies. They wanted to know if learning about them would change how kids feel about junk food. All over the world, kids are eating more foods that are high in salt, sugar, and fat. That is partly the result of clever ads that make junk food irresistible. Christopher J. Bryan led the study. He says that when kids question the motives behind junk food ads, they feel like they're fighting injustice. The reward is knowing they are doing the right thing.

Junk food has been linked to health problems such as heart disease, obesity, and diabetes，But in 2018，food companies spent nearly $9 billion TV ads selling unhealthy fare. Companies use varying strategies. An ad with cartoon characters may make chips seen fun to eat. A professional athlete enjoying a sugary drink may make it look cool. Advertisers know that if kids want a product, they'll annoy their parents to buy it. Even parents don't notice the power of ads. By the time they are adults they have been used to junk-food advertising. They just don't see it.

In the Texas study, Bryan had students view ads on iPad. Their job was to write or draw on the screen, to make each ad's message true. For example, a McDonald's ad showed a Big Mac (巨无霸) and the words “The thing you want when you order salad. ” To the end of the sentence, a student added “should be salad”.

Three months after analyzing ads, students were still choosing healthier snacks: milk instead of sugary juices, fruit over cookies. Kids are becoming conscious of themselves as agents in the world. They see a chance to make the world a better place.

【1】What is the purpose of the experiment?

A.To survey what snacks children like best.B.To guide children against unhealthy food.

C.To find ways to make junk food healthy.D.To teach children how to pick out legal food.

【2】How do children feel about junk food advertisements after the experiment?

A.Cool.B.Legal.

C.Funny.D.Misleading.

【3】Why are parents unaware of the harm of junk food advertisements?

A.Parents have never seen such junk food advertisements.

B.Advertisements have blinded them since they were young.

C.The food industry has special advertising strategies for parents.

D.Parents have to agree with their children about the junk food.

【4】How did students conduct the experiment?

A.By correcting unreal advertisements.B.By offering suggestions to food industry.

C.By making up their own advertisements.D.By studying food industry advertising strategies.

Answer 1

【答案】

【1】B

【2】D

【3】B

【4】A

【解析】

本文是一篇说明文。食品公司设计垃圾食品使其上瘾。他们给产品贴上标签，让它们看起来比实际健康得多。他们的广告针对的是儿童。研究人员通过引导孩子分析垃圾食品的广告，认识这些广告的误导性，从而自觉抵制不健康的食品。

【1】推理判断题。根据第二段中Researchers had students learn about food-industry advertising strategies. They wanted to know if learning about them would change how kids feel about junk food.可知研究人员让学生学习食品行业的广告策略。他们想知道了解这些食品是否会改变孩子们对垃圾食品的看法。由此可推知，研究的目的是要引导孩子们正确认识垃圾食品。故选B。

【2】推理判断题。根据第一段中They label their products to make them seem much healthier than they are.可知他们给产品贴上标签，让它们看起来比实际健康得多。以及第二段中That is partly the result of clever ads that make junk food irresistible.可知这在一定程度上是由于巧妙的广告使垃圾食品难以抗拒。由此可推知，孩子们在实验之后意识到了垃圾食品广告的误导性。故选D。

【3】细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句By the time they are adults they have been used to junk-food advertising. They just don't see it.可知到他们成年的时候，他们已经习惯了垃圾食品广告。他们只是看不出来。由此可知，父母从小就受到垃圾食品广告的蒙蔽。故选B。

【4】细节理解题。根据第四段中For example, a McDonald's ad showed a Big Mac (巨无霸) and the words “The thing you want when you order salad. ” To the end of the sentence, a student added “should be salad”.可知例如，麦当劳的一则广告展示了一个巨无霸，上面写着“你点沙拉时想要的东西”。一个学生在句子的最后补充了一句“应该是沙拉”。由此可知，孩子们是通过纠正虚假广告来进行这个实验的。故选A。