A patent is the tool that can be used to prevent people from making, selling, offering to sell or importing the patented items without permission. According to the patent law, any person who “invents any new and useful process, machine, or composition (成分) of matter, or any new and useful improvement may obtain a patent.”
The law has described the limits of the field of subject matter that can be patented, and thus it has been held that the laws of nature, physical phenomena, and abstract ideas are not patentable subject matter. A patent cannot be obtained upon just an idea or suggestion.
In order for an invention to be patentable it must be new as described in the patent law, which also states that an invention cannot be patented if: “(a) the invention was known or used by others in this country”, or “(b)the invention was patented or described in a printed publication in this or a foreign country”, (c) the invention was in public use or on sale in this country more than one year before the application for patent”.
Moreover, even if the subject matter sought to be patented is not exactly shown by the previous art, and involves one or more differences over the most nearly similar thing already known, a patent may still be refused. The subject matter sought to be patented must be fully different from what has been used or described before in the area of technology related to the invention. For example, the substitutions of one color for another, or changes in size, are not patentable.
56. We can learn from the text that a patent .
A. is a legal limit to the spread of most new inventions
B. serves as an effective tool to protect inventors’ rights
C. proves necessary when people want to invent something
D. is a permit for using a new invention by the inventor
57. Which of the following can not be patented according to the patent law?
A. A new computing tool. B. A new packaging for a product.
C. A new waste treatment method. D. A new economic theory.
58. We can infer from the text that .
A. it’s not easy to put new inventions into production
B. there are strict criteria for applying for a patent
C. a patent will not be applicable in some countries
D. the patent law differs greatly between countries
59. The author writes this text in order to tell us .
A. there are few inventions that can be patented
B. how to avoid failing to get a patent for a new invention
C. what can or can’t be patented under the patent law
D. how to bring the patent law into force
科目：高中英语 来源：2011年浙江省温州市温州中学高二下学期期末考试英语卷 题型：阅读理解
We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but wha
t about the 
less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？ Shouldn’t we know who they are?
Joan Mclean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more willing to give inventing a try.”
Her students agree. One young man with a patent（专利）for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “ I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so useful.” Lee is now considering to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.
So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson ca
me up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device(装置) for cleaning the window. Sti
ll wondering about this when she returned home to Birminghan, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the ou
tside, became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
【小题1】
【小题2】
【小题3】
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年山东省临沂市沂南二中高二下学期质量检测英语试试卷（带解析） 题型：填空题
根据下列句子及所给汉语注释, 写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空只写一词)
【小题1】California also has the d______ of being the most multicultural state in the USA..
【小题2】According to the constitution, it is _________ (必须做的，义务的)for a citizen to undertake military service.
【小题3】Cloning plants is s___________ while cloning animals is very complicated.
【小题4】When I first applied for a patent I was very puzzled by the ______(评判的标准).
【小题5】It was this exploring around problems and his _________(充满活力的，精力充沛的)spirit that led to his most famous invention --- the telephone in 1876.
【小题6】Without any h_________, he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
【小题7】The football game will continue, ___________（不管、不顾）of wind and rain.
【小题8】Although he is most often a________ with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everyday’s life.
【小题9】The flower girl’s poor English will _______(使、、、注定) her to the gutter to the end of her days.
【小题10】The war ________（中断了）the trade between the two countries.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2013届山东省临沂市高二下学期质量检测英语试试卷（解析版） 题型：单词拼写
根据下列句子及所给汉语注释, 写出空缺处各单词的正确形式。(每空只写一词)
1.California also has the d______ of being the most multicultural state in the USA..
2.According to the constitution, it is _________ (必须做的，义务的)for a citizen to undertake military service.
3.Cloning plants is s___________ while cloning animals is very complicated.
4.When I first applied for a patent I was very puzzled by the ______(评判的标准).
5.It was this exploring around problems and his _________(充满活力的，精力充沛的)spirit that led to his most famous invention --- the telephone in 1876.
6.Without any h_________, he jumped into the river to save the drowning child.
7.The football game will continue, ___________（不管、不顾）of wind and rain.
8.Although he is most often a________ with the invention of the telephone, he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everyday’s life.
9.The flower girl’s poor English will _______(使、、、注定) her to the gutter to the end of her days.
10.The war ________（中断了）the trade between the two countries.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011年浙江省温州市高二下学期期末考试英语题 题型：阅读理解
We know the famous ones—the Thomas Edisons and the Alexander Graham Bells—but what about the less famous inventors? What about the people who invented the traffic light and the windshield wiper (雨刮器)？ Shouldn’t we know who they are?
Joan Mclean thinks so. In fact, McLean, a professor of physics at Mountain University in Range, feels so strongly about this matter that she’s developed a course on the topic. In addition to learning “who” invented “what”, however, McLean also likes her students to learn the answers to the “why” and “how” questions. According to McLean, “When students learn the answers to these questions, they are better prepared to recognize opportunities for inventing and more willing to give inventing a try.”
Her students agree. One young man with a patent（专利）for an unbreakable umbrella is walking proof of McLean’s statement. “If I had not heard the story of the windshield wiper’s invention,” said Tommy Lee, a senior physics major, “ I never would have dreamed of turning my bad experience during a rainstorm into something so useful.” Lee is now considering to sell his patent to an umbrella producer.
So, just what is the story behind the windshield wiper? Well, Mary Anderson came up with the idea in 1902 after a visit to New York City. The day was cold and stormy, but Anderson still wanted to see the sights, so she jumped aboard a streetcar. Noticing that the driver was struggling to see through the snow covering the windshield, she found herself wondering why there couldn’t be a built-in device(装置) for cleaning the window. Still wondering about this when she returned home to Birminghan, Alabama, Anderson started drafting out solutions. One of her ideas, a lever (操作杆) on the inside of a vehicle that would control an arm on the outside, became the first windshield wiper.
Today we benefit from countless inventions and innovations. It’s hard to imagine driving without Garrett A. Morgan’s traffic light. It’s equally impossible to picture a world without Katherine J. Blodgett’s innovation that makes glass invisible. Can you picture life without clear windows and eyeglasses?
1.
2.
3.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010-2011学年江苏省淮安市高三第四次调研考试英语试题 题型：阅读理解
I am a German by birth and descent. My name is Schmidt. But by education I am quite as much an Englishman as a 'Deutscher', and by affection much more the former. My life has been spent pretty equally between the two countries, and I flatter myself I speak both languages without any foreign accent.
I count England my headquarters now: it is “home” to me. But a few years ago I was resident in Germany, only going over to London now and then on business. I will not mention the town where I lived. It is unnecessary to do so, and in the peculiar experience I am about to relate I think real names of people and places are just as well, or better avoided.
I was connected with a large and important firm of engineers. I had been bred up to the profession, and was credited with a certain amount of “talent”; and I was considered—and, with all modesty, I think I deserved the opinion—steady and reliable, so that I had already attained a fair position in the house, and was looked upon as a “rising man”. But I was still young, and not quite so wise as I thought myself. I came close once to making a great mess of a certain affair. It is this story which I am going to tell.
Our house went in largely for patents—rather too largely, some thought. But the head partner's son was a bit of a genius in his way, and his father was growing old, and let Herr Wilhelm - Moritz we will call the family name—do pretty much as he chose. And on the whole Herr Wilhelm did well. He was cautious, and he had the benefit of the still greater caution and larger experience of Herr Gerhardt, the second partner in the firm.
Patents and the laws which regulate them are strange things to have to do with. No one who has not had personal experience of the complications that arise could believe how far these spread and how involved they become. Great acuteness as well as caution is called for if you would guide your patent bark safely to port—and perhaps more than anything, a power of holding your tongue. I was no chatterbox, nor, when on a mission of importance, did I go about looking as if I were bursting with secrets, which is, in my opinion, almost as dangerous as revealing them. No one, to meet me on the journeys which it often fell to my lot to undertake, would have guessed that I had anything on my mind but an easy-going young fellow's natural interest in his surroundings, though many a time I have stayed awake through a whole night of railway travel if at all doubtful about my fellow-passengers, or not dared to go to sleep in a hotel without a ready-loaded gun by my pillow. For now and then - though not through me - our secrets did ooze out. And if, as has happened, they were secrets connected with Government orders or contracts, there was, or but for the exertion of the greatest energy and tact on the part of my superiors, there would have been, to put it plainly, the devil to pay.
1. The writer preferred to be called ________.
A. a German B. an Englishman
C. both a German and an Englishman D. neither a German nor an Englishman
2.Which of the following words cannot be used to describe the writer?
A. Talented B. Modest C. Reliable D. Wise
3.The head of the company where the writer works is ________.
A. Schmidt B. Moritz C. Wilhelm’s father D. Gerhardt
4. The writer often stayed awake on the train or kept a ready-loaded gun in the hotel, because ________.
A. some people sometimes let out the secrets of his company
B. the writer occasionally didn’t keep the secrets of his company
C. patents and the laws are strange things to have to do with
D. the secrets were connected with Government orders or contracts
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