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    阅读理解。
         请认真阅读下列短文，并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词。注意：每空
    格1个单词。
         Quality after-school programs are designed to improve academic performance, decrease youth crimes and
    other high-risk behaviors, and help young people grow into healthy, successful adults.
         The effect of quality after-school programs on academic performance is clear. Studies show that students
    who take part in such programs show better work habits, higher rates of homework completion, improved
    grades, and higher scores on achievement tests. They also have fewer absences and are less likely to blame.
    After-school programs also influence high-risk teen behavior. Various studies show decreased rates of crime,
    drug use, and teen sex among youth who join in well-run after-school programs when compared to similar
    youth who do not. Finally, after-school programs play an important role in supporting the following fields of
    development: physical development, mental development and social development. Thus, one can safely say that
    after-school programming is an effective method to help young people become contributing members of society.
         Although there is enough proof from both small and large assessments that after-school programs can make
    a positive difference, it is important to note that not all programs are equal. First, dosage (时量) matters-young
    people who attend the most hours over the most years benefit more than members who attend less often or
    over a shorter period of time. Next, after-school programs make bigger difference for those students who need
    help most and have the fewest choices. Finally, program qualities matter. After-school programs work best
    when they create unique opportunities for youth. They should provide opportunities for positive relationships,
    skill building, meaningful involvement (参与), expression, suggestion, service, and work. Staff characteristics
    make an important difference in the quality of a program. The adults should treat youth as partners, create safe
    and fair environments, encourage personalized (个性化的) involvement, and actively create learning
    opportunities. In short, although after-school programs have promising future, how they are designed and run
    matters.
    1. better 2. purposes 3. Despite 4. effectively 5. making
    6. reduction 7. work 8. differently 9. offered / created 10. while
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    阅读理解。
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    阅读理解。
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    D. introduce an idea of cognitive interview
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    A. The surroundings and feelings at the time of the event.
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    阅读理解。
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    1. What does the underlined word "matriarch" mean?
    A. An old member of an elephant family.
    B. A female head of an elephant family
    C. A wise elephant.
    D. A large elephant.
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    A. When they are feeding the young.
    B. When they see a familiar elephant.
    C. When they are giving birth to baby elephants.
    D. When the leading elephant gives out a warning.
    3. The research with recordings of contact calls shows _____.
    A. how fast elephants form into groups
    B. how important the age of a leading elephant is
    C. how frightened elephants are when hearing a strange call
    D. how frequently old elephants call other members of the family
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    C. the more useless her tusks will be
    D. the more likely she will be killed
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    B. give wrong warnings to their mothers
    C. run away open hearing a strange sound
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    科目：高中英语 来源：0114 月考题 题型：阅读理解

    阅读理解。
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         Over the last century, nighttime lights have become common, but it's not clear whether sleeping with one
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         As part of the investigation, Tracy Bedrosian, a researcher at Ohio State University, and her team, placed
    hamsters in two environments. In one, hamsters experienced 16 hours of daylight and eight hours of complete
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         After eight weeks, the researchers tested the hamsters for behaviors that would suggest they were
    depressed. For example, they looked to see whether the hamsters still practiced activities they usually enjoyed,
    such as drinking sugar water.
         In people, loss of enjoyment is known as a symptom of depression.
         Hamsters in both groups were given a choice between drinking tap (水龙头) water or sugar water. The
    hamsters that slept with lights on at night drank similar amounts of tap and sugar water - they'd lost their
    preference (偏好) for the sweet water.
         "That suggests to us that they are not getting the same pleasure from drinking their sugar water, and that
    may be a depression-like response," Bedrosian said.
         Researchers found these changes in behavior were caused by chemical changes in a part of brain called
    the hippocampus (海马状突起).
         Previous studies on humans have found the hippocampus to be involved in depression. A patient with major
    depression has a smaller hippocampus, Bedrosian said.
         If the same mechanism (机制) exists in people, then they "might want to try to avoid falling asleep with
    their TVs on all night," Bedrosian said.
    1. What may cause depression according to the article?
    [     ]
    A. To sleep in the dark.
    B. To sleep with the light on.
    C. To sleep in a new environment.
    D. To sleep after drinking sugar water.
    2. What did Tracy Bedrosian and her team find in the research?
    [     ]
    A. Loss of enjoyment is a symptom of depression.
    B. Sleeping with the light on affects the human brain.
    C. Two groups of hamsters drank similar amounts of sugar water.
    D. Hamsters no longer enjoyed drinking sugar water after they had slept with the light on.
    3. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?
    [     ]
    A. TV noise may affect quality of sleep.
    B. A depressed patient has a larger hippocampus.
    C. People who stay up late at night are more likely to be depressed.
    D. The hamsters' behavioral changes were caused by chemical changes in the brain.
    4. If the research turns out to be useful for understanding of human depression, it would be advisable _____.
    [     ]
    A. to sleep with a night light
    B. not to watch TV at night
    C. to sleep in total darkness
    D. to put an end to night shifts

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