9.Urban swans might be born with a daredevil gene that makes them less fearful of humans,compared with their rural colleagues.
A study has found swans living in cities tend to be bolder and it is at least partly determined by a gene called DRD4.Birds with this gene could therefore be better adapted to settling in more populated areas,while more timid(胆怯的)swans would escape to less inhabited regions.
It could help to explain why swans in public parks and on urban rivers have a reputation for being so aggressive towards humans-they are simply not afraid of us.
Biologists from some universities in Australia,tracked and collected blood samples from black swans living in two wetlands near cities.One group of swans lived in a recreational urban park,while the other occupied a waste-water processing site out of town.The two areas were less than 20 miles apart.Later,from 2011through 2013,the researchers started systematically scaring the swans at both sites.The researchers approached the birds and calculated how close they could get before they flew away.As expected,they noticed that while rural swans started flying away if a human was closer than 119 meters,the scientists could come as close to urban swans as 39 meters before taking off.
Analyses of the blood samples,in fact,showed that 83 percent of the less cautious swans presented the same genetic DRD4 variation(变异)while rural swans have different genetic makeups resulting in more wariness(谨慎,小心).
The researchers conclude that swans with the bold variation of the gene might choose to live in urban environments,as they tend to be less bothered by human presence.
24.The underlined word in paragraph 1meansC.
A.timid
B.cautious
C.bold
D.stubborn
25.What's the difference between rural swans and urban ones?C
A.The rural swans carry more DRD4.
B.The urban swans are more friendly.
C.The urban swans are less scared of people.
D.The rural swans are aggressive towards humans.
26.What does DRD4 refer to?C
A.a kind of blood.
B.a kind of food.
C.a kind of genetic variation.
D.a kind of swan.
27.What does the 4th paragraph mainly talk about?D
A.The living habit of swans.
B.The living environment of swans.
C.The contribution of the biologists.
D.The process and result of the research.
分析 短文主要讲了有DRD4基因的天鹅相对比起没有这种基因的天鹅更勇敢,更不怕人类,同时这也是乡下和城市的天鹅的不同之处.
解答 24.C,词义猜测题,根据后面定语从句 that makes them less fearful of humans"让它们不那么害怕人类",可推测该词的意思是"勇敢的",故答案为C.
25.C,细节理解题,根据句子It could help to explain why swans in public parks and on urban rivers have a reputation for being so aggressive towards humans-they are simply not afraid of us可知,乡下和城市的天鹅最大的不同就是城市的天鹅更不害怕人类,故答案为C.
26.C,细节理解题,根据句子with the bold variation of the gene might choose to live in urban environments可知,DRD4指的就是一种基因变异,故答案为C.
27.D,段落大意题,第四段主要讲了生物学家通过研究不同天鹅的血液样本,并得出结论,因此这一段主要讲的是研究的进程和结果,故答案为D.
点评 解答任务型阅读理解题,首先对原文材料迅速浏览,掌握全文的主旨大意.因为阅读理解题一般没有标题,所以,速读全文,抓住中心主旨很有必要,在速读的过程中,应尽可能多地捕获信息材料.其次,细读题材,各个击破.掌握全文的大意之后,细细阅读每篇材料后的问题,弄清每题要求后,带着问题,再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息.最后,要善于抓住每段的主题句,阅读时,要有较强的针对性.对于捕获到的信息,要做认真分析,仔细推敲,理解透彻,只有这样,针对题目要求,才能做到稳、准.