One would have to be a fool to overlook (忽视)the importance of using positive(积极的) thinking for you rather than allowing negative thinking to work against you. In recent years, research in psychopharmacology (精神药理学) has proved what many people have known over the centuries: a positive attitude is good for you, good for your health, good for your wealth, good for everything. Researchers found that a positive attitude produces a specific chemical reaction which makes people feel better, while negative thinking results in a decline of hormone (荷尔蒙) and shuts down the immune (免疫的) system. This leads to illness and depression. Positive thoughts will make you feel better. Even if you must begin by literally forcing yourself to be positive (faking it, so to speak), it will become contagious (会传播的) and the positive thoughts will generate nice little chemicals and good feelings which will reinforce the positive thoughts.
For example, if you force yourself to smile or laugh, even when you don't feel like smiling or laughing, if you keep at it for a few minutes, you will soon feel like it. Feelings can generate (导致)thoughts, but thoughts can also generate feelings. Control your thoughts and you can control your feelings. Positive thinking is important in all aspects of our lives. There is probably no single factor more important in determining your success in achieving your career objectives than your own attitude.
It's often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant (好战) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold. You cannot control external events, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This vital key to success is totally within your control. Use it.
【小题1】We can infer from the passage that .
| A．positive thinking can cure you of your diseases |
| B．positive thinking can easily be generated by anyone |
| C．a decline of hormone may cause you to be depressed |
| D．a specific chemical reaction is the cause of negative thinking |
| A．Feeling and thoughts can generate each other. |
| B．It's easier to control thoughts than to control feelings. |
| C．Your success depends wholly on your attitude. |
| D．Keeping smiling will surely make you successful. |
| A．control your feeling to what is happening to you |
| B．be king in your office |
| C．pay no attention to what is going on around you |
| D．take positive attitude in the office of militant negativism |
| A．The Bad Effect of Negative Thinking | B．Why Should People Think |
| C．Thinking: The Vital Way | D．Positive Thinking Benefits People |
【小题1】C
【小题2】A
【小题3】D
【小题4】D
解析试题分析：本文介绍了经过研究发现人们的积极的思想能够使人感觉振奋，能够使身体产生更多的荷尔蒙，能使人更加健康，增强自身的免疫力，有利于我们成功地实现自身的目标。而相反，消极的思想使人产生的荷尔蒙减少，容易降低人的免疫力，最后作者提倡我们要采取积极的态度对待一切事情。
【小题1】这是推理理解题。根据while negative thinking results in a decline of hormone (荷尔蒙) 。This leads to illness and depression. 消极的想法导致荷尔蒙的减少，会引起疾病和沮丧，故选C。
【小题2】这是细节理解题。根据Feelings can generate (导致)thoughts, but thoughts can also generate feelings.故选A。
【小题3】这是细节理解题。根据It's often been said that in the land of the blind, the one-eyed man is king. And in the office of militant (好战) negativism, the positive workers shine like gold.故选D。
【小题4】这是标题归纳题。根据You cannot control external events, but you can learn to control your reaction to those events and thereby have a positive attitude and be happy. This vital key to success is totally within your control. Use it.故选D。
考点：这是一篇说明文。
点评：阅读理解题目中的作者意图题目可以包括意图、态度、目的题目，在考试中出现的比率很大。不同的文章可能有不同的写作意图,但写作意图通常有以下三种：1）to entertain readers（娱乐读者，让人发笑）2) to persuade readers（说服读者接受某种观点）3) to inform readers（告知读者某些信息）
本文属于第二种情况。
科目：高中英语 来源：2012届湖北省黄冈市黄州区一中高三精品模拟试卷（四）英语（解析版） 题型：完型填空
In 2004,I was 22 years old and had just come back to Brazil after 14 months in England,holding my Cambridge Proficiency certificate.After nervously 21 a short training course,I began to give classes to my 12 students,all of them older than I was. I 22 hard to remain clam in class and 23 they wouldn't find out how unconfident I felt most of the time.I was quite _24_,actually,until the end of 25 and the night of the final oral test.
The test was going to start at 7 pm,and at 6:50, I_ 26 myself in the teachers bathroom to 27 all the test questions again.I really wanted to learn the 28 by heart so no one would think I was an inexperienced tester.The 29 is,I actually locked myself in the bathroom.I 30 couldn't get out!The bell rang at 7 pm and I could hear the noise in the halls 31 the students went to their rooms.I tried hard to 32 the bathroom door,but failed.
I heard the cleaning lady’s voice and asked for help as 33 as I could, However, she wasn't exactly a thoughtful person, and started 34 ：“Diana’s locked in the bathroom!”Shame had fallen upon me! 35 , the course director, the secretary and some teachers were outside the bathroom trying to get me out, and, 36 ,my students gathered outside too, happily saying things like“Aren’t we 37 ! No test today!”All I could do was 38 , and my entire 39 was waiting for me outside, naughty smiles on their faces.“ 40 ！Teacher.”They said,“We know you are human too!”
They all passed their test.True to the Brazilian style, we all went out for a beer afterwards, and laughed the whole thing off.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2010届高考二轮复习英语阅读理解二十篇精读 题型：阅读理解
Passage six(Dropouts for Ph. D. s)
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent loss of talent to a nation in need of Ph. D. s. Some have placed the dropouts loss as high as 50 percent. The extent of the loss was, however, largely a matter of expert guessing. Last week a well-rounded study was published. It was published. It was based on 22,000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundless.
The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent, and in most cases the dropouts, while not completing the Ph. D. requirement, went on to productive work. They are not only doing well financially, but, according to the report, are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.
Discussing the study last week, Dr. Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expressed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph. D. programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree. Attrition at the Ph. D. level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity. Some people expressed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph. D.’
“The results of our research” Dr. Tucker concluded, “did not support these opinions.”
Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.
Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.
Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.
Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision, but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pass the qualifying examination, uncompleted research and failure to pass language exams. Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph. D. program, lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.
As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing, a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20,000 and more annually while none of the Ph. D. ‘s with that background reached this figure. The Ph. D. ‘s shone in the $ 7,500 to $ 15,000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts. This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields, where Ph. D. ‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries, are still lagging behind other fields.
As to the possibility of getting dropouts back on campus, the outlook was glum. The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.
1.The author states that many educators feel that
A.steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.
B.the fropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.
C.the Ph. D. holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.
D.The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.
2.Research has shown that
A.Dropouts are substantially below Ph. D. ‘s in financial attainment.
B.the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph. D. studies.
C.The Ph. D. candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.
D.about one-third of those who start Ph. D. work do not complete the work to earn the degree.
3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph. D.
A.is the most frequent reason for dropping out.
B.is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.
C.is an essential part of many Ph. D. programs.
D.does not vary in difficulty among universities.
4.After reading the article, one would refrain from concluding that
A.optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph. D. dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.
B.a Ph. D. dropout, by and large, does not have what it takes to learn the degree.
C.colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph. D. dropouts.
D.Ph. D. ‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.
5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
A.salary for Ph. D. too low.
B.academic requirement too high.
C.salary for dropouts too high.
D.1000 positions.
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011湖北华师一附中荆州高三5月模拟考试英语试卷 题型：阅读理解
During my many contacts with people in China, I have been asked by two different people what I would recommend to them so that they could be happy. One of these people was my student and friend who began her question by saying I always appeared happy to her. She then asked how I could be this way and if I could teach her how to be happy all
the time. The other inquiry was basically the same and came from the secretary of a company for which I was doing some work.
The first one to ask was my student and in thinking about an answer I even explored in class the idea of optimism and pessimism, of people who feel the glass is always half full and those who think it is half empty. It was easy to show that different people react differently to the same situations and conditions but that didn’t bring me much closer to understanding why.
About two months later I was riding to the airport in a taxi with the company secretary who asked me the same question and it made me think. Why did both these ladies feel they needed help to become happy? Indeed, why did either of them think they were not happy? Why did they choose to ask this question of me? Why are some people generally happy while others are not?
Certainly if someone is healthy, it might be expected that they are happy, and this is probably true. However, some people hav
e money and health but have a miserable disposition that makes it difficult for them to have friends and meaningful relationships. Similarly, one would expect those who have little to complain about their fate and many do, but others are able to enjoy what they have and enjoy life. It seems the difference must lie within the people. What we may be looking at is acceptance of a personal set of circ
umstances and the contentment which flows from that. It should not mean, however, that those people cannot wish for something better.
If the difference between people who are happy and those who are not lies within the people themselves, can happiness be learned? I think there are things we can do, such as dreaming of the future, which can give us the sort of positive outlook which will generally make us happy people.
【小题1】 According to the passage, which of the following is true?
| A．The author was once asked how to be healthy and wealthy by two people. |
| B．The author came to realize why people responded differently to happiness. |
| C．Those who think the glass is always half empty are optimistic. |
| D．Those who feel the glass is always half full are pessimistic. |
| A．character | B．habit | C．reputation | D．fate |
| A．the idea of pessimism | B．the attitude towards happiness |
| C．the satisfaction within | D．the appearance of happiness |
| A．Learning how to be happy. | B．Accepting the present situation. |
| C．Developing meaningful relationships. | D．Going after the dream. |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2012-2013学年山东曲阜师大附中高一下学期第一次质量检测英语试卷（带解析） 题型：阅读理解
Success is often measured by the ability to overcome adversity（逆境）. But it is often the belief of others that gives us the courage（勇气）to try.
J. K. Rowling, author of the Harry Potter book series, began writing at age 6. Her good friend-Sean became the first person to encourage her and help her build the confidence that one day she would be a very good writer.
“He was the first person with whom I really discussed my serious ambition（志向） to be a writer. He was also the only person who thought I was bound to（注定）be a success at it, which meant much more to me than I ever told him at the time.”
Though there were many difficulties, Rowling continued her writing, particularly fantasy stories. But it wasn't until l990 that she first came up with the idea about Harry Potter. As she recalls（回忆）, it was on a long train journey from London to Manchester that “the idea of Harry Potter simply fell into my head. To my great disappointment, I didn't have a pen with me, and I was too shy to ask anybody if I could borrow one. I think, now, that this was probably a good thing, because I simply sat and thought, for four (delayed train) hours, and all the details came up in my brain, and this thin, black-haired, bespectacled（戴眼镜的）boy who didn't know he was a wizard became more and more real to me.”
That same year, her mother died after a ten-year fight with serious diseases, which deeply affected her writing. She went on to marry and had a daughter, but separated from her husband shortly afterwards.
During this time, Rowling was diagnosed with depression（诊断患有抑郁症）. Unemployed, she finished her first novel in area cafes, where she could get her daughter to fall asleep. After being refused by l2 publishing houses, the first Harry Potter novel was sold to a small British publishing house.
Now with seven books that have sold nearly 400 million copies in 64 languages, J. K. Rowling is the highest earning novelist in history. And it all began with her friend’s encouragement as well as her ambition to write.
【小题1】 Who believed J. K. Rowling was to be a good writer?
| A．Her friend Sean. | B．Her mother. |
| C．Her daughter. | D．Her husband. |
| A．at the age of 6 | B．on a train journey |
| C．after her mother's death | D．in her secondary school |
| A．her train was delayed for four hours |
| B．she didn't have a pen with her |
| C．her mind suddenly went blank |
| D．no one would offer her help |
| A．open-minded | B．warm-hearted |
| C．good-natured | D．strong-willed |
| A．adversity makes a good novelist |
| B．the courage to try is a special ability |
| C．you can have a wonderful idea everywhere |
| D．encouragement helps one succeed |
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科目：高中英语 来源：2011-2012学年湖北省黄冈市高三精品模拟试卷（四）英语（解析版） 题型：完型填空
In 2004,I was 22 years old and had just come back to Brazil after 14 months in England,holding my Cambridge Proficiency certificate.After nervously 21 a short training course,I began to give classes to my 12 students,all of them older than I was. I 22 hard to remain clam in class and 23 they wouldn't find out how unconfident I felt most of the time.I was quite _24_,actually,until the end of 25 and the night of the final oral test.
The test was going to start at 7 pm,and at 6:50, I_ 26 myself in the teachers bathroom to 27 all the test questions again.I really wanted to learn the 28 by heart so no one would think I was an inexperienced tester.The 29 is,I actually locked myself in the bathroom.I 30 couldn't get out!The bell rang at 7 pm and I could hear the noise in the halls 31 the students went to their rooms.I tried hard to 32 the bathroom door,but failed.
I heard the cleaning lady’s voice and asked for help as 33 as I could, However, she wasn't exactly a thoughtful person, and started 34 ：“Diana’s locked in the bathroom!”Shame had fallen upon me! 35 , the course director, the secretary and some teachers were outside the bathroom trying to get me out, and, 36 ,my students gathered outside too, happily saying things like“Aren’t we 37 ! No test today!”All I could do was 38 , and my entire 39 was waiting for me outside, naughty smiles on their faces.“ 40 ！Teacher.”They said,“We know you are human too!”
They all passed their test.True to the Brazilian style, we all went out for a beer afterwards, and laughed the whole thing off.
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