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科目:高中英语 来源:高考三人行·英语 题型:050
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Samuel Finley Breese Morse was a talented artist and teacher who became famous for an invention that sprang from a hobby. He invented the telegraph. Morse financed his innovation by painting and teaching art at New York University. Despite the discouraging comments of his fellow professors, Morse toiled at the telegraph until it was perfected. The next problem was to create a vocabulary for his invention—a special language without words.
Morse's idea was to have an alphabet made entirely of symbols which could be sent over a telegraph wire, thereby hastening the transmission of messages. He came up with a system of dots (小点) and dashes (破折号) which could be “tapped” on the telegraph, arranged in combinations to represent every letter in the alphabet.
The United States Congress became curious about this invention and invited Morse to Capitol Hill for a demonstration of his telegraph on May 24, 1844. Morse demonstrated his skills by sending a message from Washington, D. C. , to Baltimore. That message was successfully transmitted and received, and a new era in communications technology was born.
Today, the Morse Code (摩尔斯码) is so widely used that it is no longer considered a secret language. One advantage to the code, despite its seeming mystery, is that a variety of “telegraph” instruments may be used—finger tapping buzzers (蜂间器), whistles (口笛), lights, and even flags.
Flag transmission is relatively simple to perform, but it requires special equipment. In areas with dark backgrounds, a white flag which a small square of red in the center is preferred. Conversely, in areas featuring a light background, a dark colored flag with a small square of white in the center is most efficient.
The flag code involves three movements, all of which be-gin and end with the flag being held perpendicular (成直角的) in front of the sender. A dot is created by swinging the flag down to the right and back in position; a dash is made by swinging the flag down to the left and back. An interval (间歇) is created by waving the flag down in front and back in position. There are no pauses between dots and dashes, but pauses are used to indicate the end of a letter. One interval indicates the end of a word, two signify the end of a sentence, and three intervals indicate the message's end.
Morse Code is thus remarkable not only for its efficiency, but also for its versatility and relative ease of use.
1.Aside from inventiong Morse Code, Samuel F. B. Morse was also famous for ________.
[ ]
A.his invention of the telegraph
B.being invited by the United States Congress to Capitol Hills
C.teaching art history
D.his talent as an artist
2.The main purpose of Morse Code was to provide ________.
[ ]
A.a secret language
B.a language for people who couldn't speak
C.an efficient means of sending messages by telegraph
D.a new alphabet
3.Morse provided part of money for his invention by mean of ________.
[ ]
A.teaching art
B.painting house
C.working as a messenger
D.demonstration of his telegraph
4.It can be inferred from the passage that Morse Code ________.
[ ]
A.made Morse an important political figure
B.transformed the world of communications technology
C.was the forerunner of the telephone
D.made Morse rich
5.The author states that an advantage of Morse Code is ________.
[ ]
A.its military application
B.its mysterious meaning
C.that messages can be transmitted and received successfully
D.that people can use it with various instruments
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科目:高中英语 来源:高考三人行·英语 题型:050
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Early in the development of agriculture men discovered how to make alcoholic (酒精的) drinks from grapes and com. The ancient Egyptians drank both wine and beer, and the Greeks carried on a lively trade in wine throughout the Mediter ranean.The vines of grapes are all of a single species (物种). Vitis vinifera, although there are hundreds of varieties adapted to different soils and climates.
Wine is the fermented (发酵的) juice of fresh grapes. The juice of the wine grape contains sugar, and growths of yeast (酵母) form on the outside of the grape skins. In wine making, the grapes are crushed in a wine press and the yeast converts (改变)the sugar to alcohol, when there is no air present, by a process(处理)called fermentation. Red wine is made from dark grapes, and white wine from white grapes or from dark grapes whose skins have been removed from the wine press at an early stage. The most famous wine-growing countries are France, Germany and Italy. Wine was made in England in the Middle Ages, but the climate is not really suitable for grapevines. Wines must be drunk quickly once they are opened, otherwise bacteria (细菌) will use the air to convert the alcohol to vinegar. The bacteria are killed by a higher alcohol content than is found in wine and that is why sherry and port, the specialties (特制品) of Spain and Portugal, are fortified (加度) by the addition of spirits to make them last longer.
Beer is made from barley (大麦) grains which is fermented with yeast to produce alcohol; hops are added for flavour (特别的味道) .Ale, the most common drink in England in the Middle Ages, was also made from barley, but without hops, the ale of today is merely a type of beer. In Japan beer is made from rice.
Spirits have a higher alcoholic content than beer and wine and are made by distillation (蒸馏) from a base or grain or some other vegetables. Gin and vodka can be distilled from avariety of ingredients (原料), including potatoes; Scotch whisky is obtained from a base of fermented barley, and brandy form the distillation of wine. Cider is made from apples. South American Indians make alcoholic drinks from cactus leaves and the shoots of certain palm trees.
1.The “press” ( Sentence 3, Para. 2) is most probably ________.
[ ]
A.a machine for making wine
B.a container for changing the sugar to alcohol
C.a device for crushing grapes
D.a process called fermentation
2.From the second paragraph, we learn that ________.
[ ]
A.red wine and white wine are made from grapes with skins
B.wine was first made in England in the Middle Ages
C.wines must be drunk quickly once they were opened because they are made by fermentation
D.wines can last longer by adding strong alcohol because bacteria are killed
3.According to the author, spirits ________.
[ ]
A.are made by fermentation
B.are all made from grains, potatoes and apples
C.are strong alcoholic drinks
D.are getting popular in South America.
4.Which of the following statements is true?
[ ]
A.All vines of grapes belong to one species.
B.The most famous wine-growing countries are France, Germany and England.
C.Ale is the most common drink in England today.
D.All kinds of whisky is made from barley.
5.The best title for the passage would be“________”.
[ ]
A.Wine, Beer and Spirits
B.Drinks from Fruits and Grains
C.The Development of Drinks
D.The History of Drinks
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科目:高中英语 来源:设计必修五英语译林版 译林版 题型:022
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There are two addresses in London that the whole world knows.One is 10 Downing Street, where the Prime Minister lives.The other is the Buckingham Palace.This famous palace, first built in 1703, is in the very center of London.It is two places, not one.It is a family house, where children play and grow up.It is also the place where the presidents, Kings and politicians go to meet the Queen.
The Buckingham Palace is like a small town with a police station, two post offices, a hospital, a bar, two sport clubs, a disco, a cinema and a swimming pool.There are 600 rooms and three miles of red carpet.Two men work full time to look after the 300 clocks.About 700 people work in the Palace.When the Queen gets up in the morning, seven people look after her.One starts her bath, one prepares her clothes, and one feeds the Royal dogs.She has eight or nine dogs, and they sleep in their own bedroom near the Queen’s bedroom.Two people bring her breakfast.She has coffee from Harrods, toast, and eggs.Every day for fifteen minutes, a piper plays Scottish music outside her room and the Queen reads The Times.
Every Tuesday evening, she meets the Prime Minister.They talk about world news and have a drink, perhaps a gin and tonic or a whisky.
When the Queen invites a lot of people for dinner, it takes three days to prepare the table and three days to do the washing-up.Everybody has five glasses:one for red wine, one for water, one for port(波尔图葡萄酒)and one for liqueur(烈性甜酒).During the first and second courses, the Queen speaks to the person on her left and then to the person on her right for the rest of the meal.When the Queen finishes her food, everybody finishes and it is time for the next.
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